WEBVTT 0 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.520 Anna: Hey there space enthusiasts and welcome to 1 00:00:02.520 --> 00:00:05.520 Astronomy Daily. I'm your host, Anna, and 2 00:00:05.520 --> 00:00:07.240 I'm so glad you could join us today for 3 00:00:07.240 --> 00:00:10.120 another journey through the cosmos. We've got 4 00:00:10.120 --> 00:00:12.200 some really captivating stories lined up for 5 00:00:12.200 --> 00:00:14.800 you this episode. We're going to dive into 6 00:00:14.800 --> 00:00:17.680 some big news from SpaceX, talking about 7 00:00:17.680 --> 00:00:19.800 their latest Starship developments which have 8 00:00:19.800 --> 00:00:22.640 been quite, shall we say, explosive recently. 9 00:00:23.280 --> 00:00:25.400 And then we'll shift gears to something truly 10 00:00:25.400 --> 00:00:28.210 immense, a colossal Oort cloud comet 11 00:00:28.210 --> 00:00:29.730 that's making its way through our solar 12 00:00:29.730 --> 00:00:32.490 system. And we'll also touch on Europe's push 13 00:00:32.490 --> 00:00:35.090 to reclaim its status as a space power. So 14 00:00:35.090 --> 00:00:36.650 stay tuned for all that and more. 15 00:00:38.010 --> 00:00:40.170 Alright, let's talk about SpaceX, shall we? 16 00:00:40.410 --> 00:00:42.610 Because they've been in the news again, and 17 00:00:42.610 --> 00:00:44.970 not for the reason they usually like to be 18 00:00:45.370 --> 00:00:47.810 their newest Starship spacecraft. This 19 00:00:47.810 --> 00:00:50.650 massive 171 foot tall vehicle 20 00:00:50.970 --> 00:00:53.530 experienced an explosion on a test stand 21 00:00:53.950 --> 00:00:55.870 at their Starbase site late last Wednesday 22 00:00:55.950 --> 00:00:58.270 night. This happened as they were getting 23 00:00:58.270 --> 00:01:00.550 ready to ignite its six Raptor engines for 24 00:01:00.550 --> 00:01:03.270 what's called a static fire trial, which is a 25 00:01:03.270 --> 00:01:06.270 pretty common pre launch test. Now, A day 26 00:01:06.270 --> 00:01:08.750 later, SpaceX narrowed down the likely cause. 27 00:01:09.150 --> 00:01:11.430 Initial analysis, they say, points to the 28 00:01:11.430 --> 00:01:13.550 potential failure of a pressurised tank, 29 00:01:13.710 --> 00:01:16.310 specifically what they call a copv, or 30 00:01:16.310 --> 00:01:18.870 composite overwrapped pressure vessel. This 31 00:01:18.870 --> 00:01:21.610 tank, which holds gaseous nitrogen and is 32 00:01:21.610 --> 00:01:24.250 located in Starship's nosecone area. But 33 00:01:24.250 --> 00:01:26.810 they're still doing a full data review. Good 34 00:01:26.810 --> 00:01:28.930 news though, there were no reported injuries 35 00:01:28.930 --> 00:01:31.810 from this explosion. All SpaceX personnel at 36 00:01:31.810 --> 00:01:34.290 Starbase are safe and folks living around the 37 00:01:34.290 --> 00:01:36.610 site near Brownsville shouldn't worry about 38 00:01:36.610 --> 00:01:39.210 contamination. SpaceX has done 39 00:01:39.210 --> 00:01:41.290 independent tests on materials inside 40 00:01:41.290 --> 00:01:43.930 Starship and they've confirmed no chemical, 41 00:01:43.930 --> 00:01:46.490 biological or toxicological risks. 42 00:01:47.140 --> 00:01:48.780 Plus they're coordinating with local, state 43 00:01:48.780 --> 00:01:51.060 and federal agencies on environmental and 44 00:01:51.060 --> 00:01:53.980 safety impacts. Now, this incident 45 00:01:53.980 --> 00:01:55.780 did cause some damage around the test stand 46 00:01:55.780 --> 00:01:58.060 at their Massey site. Not the orbital launch 47 00:01:58.060 --> 00:02:01.020 mount mind you, but still it ignited several 48 00:02:01.020 --> 00:02:02.780 fires there, which are being assessed once 49 00:02:02.780 --> 00:02:05.620 it's safe to approach. Obviously this 50 00:02:05.620 --> 00:02:07.780 explosion is going to push back the timeline 51 00:02:07.780 --> 00:02:10.740 for Starship's 10th flight test, which SpaceX 52 00:02:10.740 --> 00:02:12.660 had hoped to launch by the end of this month. 53 00:02:13.430 --> 00:02:15.710 It's not clear yet by how much, but it 54 00:02:15.710 --> 00:02:17.630 definitely shifts things to the right, as 55 00:02:17.630 --> 00:02:20.590 they say. This is also the latest in a 56 00:02:20.590 --> 00:02:22.630 series of setbacks for the starship upper 57 00:02:22.630 --> 00:02:25.390 stages. SpaceX actually lost the 58 00:02:25.390 --> 00:02:27.990 vehicle on its last three flight tests, which 59 00:02:27.990 --> 00:02:30.350 happened in January, March and May of this, 60 00:02:30.350 --> 00:02:33.310 uh, year. The upper stage, or ship, as 61 00:02:33.310 --> 00:02:35.750 they call it, has had a bit of A tough run. 62 00:02:36.070 --> 00:02:38.510 Interestingly, the first stage, known as 63 00:02:38.510 --> 00:02:41.000 Super Heavy, has had a much better track 64 00:02:41.000 --> 00:02:43.840 record lately. For example, on flights 7 65 00:02:43.840 --> 00:02:46.760 and 8, this huge booster successfully 66 00:02:46.760 --> 00:02:49.040 returned to Starbase and was even caught by 67 00:02:49.040 --> 00:02:51.400 the launch tower's chopstick arms, which is a 68 00:02:51.400 --> 00:02:54.400 jaw dropping feat to watch. On Flight 8, 69 00:02:54.400 --> 00:02:56.560 which launched on March 6, the Super Heavy 70 00:02:56.560 --> 00:02:58.840 booster was successfully caught. But the 71 00:02:58.840 --> 00:03:00.880 ship, the upper stage, it started to tumble 72 00:03:00.880 --> 00:03:03.000 after several of its six Raptor engines 73 00:03:03.000 --> 00:03:04.960 failed toward the end of its ascent burn. 74 00:03:05.470 --> 00:03:07.630 SpaceX lost contact about nine minutes into 75 00:03:07.630 --> 00:03:09.590 the flight, and it presumably detonated high 76 00:03:09.590 --> 00:03:12.390 in the sky. This kind of mirrored Flight 77 00:03:12.390 --> 00:03:14.630 seven, where they also lost ship at about the 78 00:03:14.630 --> 00:03:17.310 same point. SpaceX traced that Flight 7 79 00:03:17.310 --> 00:03:20.030 anomaly to what they described as a harmonic 80 00:03:20.030 --> 00:03:21.950 response several times stronger in flight 81 00:03:21.950 --> 00:03:24.270 than had been seen during testing, which 82 00:03:24.270 --> 00:03:26.510 caused increased stress and propellant leaks, 83 00:03:26.510 --> 00:03:29.230 leading to fires. They've since taken steps 84 00:03:29.230 --> 00:03:31.400 to minimise recurrence, like conducting a 85 00:03:31.400 --> 00:03:34.240 longer static fire test with Flight 8's ship 86 00:03:34.240 --> 00:03:36.480 and making hardware changes to fuel lines and 87 00:03:36.480 --> 00:03:38.720 propellant temperatures. They've even added 88 00:03:38.720 --> 00:03:41.400 new vents and a purge system using gaseous 89 00:03:41.400 --> 00:03:43.920 nitrogen to make the area more robust to 90 00:03:43.920 --> 00:03:46.280 propellant leakage. In the long run, 91 00:03:46.519 --> 00:03:49.040 SpaceX plans to bring both Super Heavy and 92 00:03:49.040 --> 00:03:51.920 Ship back to Starbase for these launch tower 93 00:03:51.920 --> 00:03:54.440 catches. Their vision is for this fully 94 00:03:54.440 --> 00:03:56.880 reusable rocket to fly multiple times per 95 00:03:56.880 --> 00:03:59.880 day, making Mars settlement, which is Elon 96 00:03:59.880 --> 00:04:02.400 Musk's long held goal, economically 97 00:04:02.400 --> 00:04:05.280 feasible. They've requested approval for 25 98 00:04:05.280 --> 00:04:07.520 Starship launches from Starbase in 99 00:04:07.520 --> 00:04:10.400 2025 alone. So despite these recent 100 00:04:10.400 --> 00:04:12.640 challenges, they're still aiming high. 101 00:04:14.000 --> 00:04:16.080 Okay, let's pivot now from rockets and 102 00:04:16.080 --> 00:04:18.320 explosions to something a little more serene, 103 00:04:18.560 --> 00:04:21.480 but still incredibly exciting. A truly 104 00:04:21.480 --> 00:04:24.040 monstrous comet spotted way out in the outer 105 00:04:24.040 --> 00:04:26.870 solar system. Astronomers have 106 00:04:26.870 --> 00:04:29.070 recently completed a long range observation 107 00:04:29.070 --> 00:04:31.710 of a comet named C 2014 UN 108 00:04:31.710 --> 00:04:34.630 271 Bernardinelli Bernstein. And this 109 00:04:34.630 --> 00:04:37.550 thing is just massive. It's actually one of 110 00:04:37.550 --> 00:04:39.950 the largest Oort Cloud comets ever observed, 111 00:04:40.110 --> 00:04:42.750 measuring a whopping 140 kilometres across. 112 00:04:43.070 --> 00:04:45.590 For some context, Halley's Comet, which we 113 00:04:45.590 --> 00:04:48.270 all know is only about 15 kilometres across. 114 00:04:48.590 --> 00:04:50.750 So imagine something nearly 10 times that 115 00:04:50.750 --> 00:04:52.840 size. This comet, UN 116 00:04:52.920 --> 00:04:55.720 271, is currently pretty far from the sun, 117 00:04:56.040 --> 00:04:58.440 about 16 and a half astronomical units away, 118 00:04:58.680 --> 00:05:00.920 which makes it super tough to observe. 119 00:05:01.400 --> 00:05:03.560 But astronomers have been using the powerful 120 00:05:03.560 --> 00:05:06.520 Atacama Large Millimetre Submillimeter Array, 121 00:05:06.520 --> 00:05:09.440 or alma, in Chile to keep an eye on it. And 122 00:05:09.440 --> 00:05:11.160 what they're seeing is quite surprising for 123 00:05:11.160 --> 00:05:13.040 something so far out there. They're watching 124 00:05:13.040 --> 00:05:15.840 jets of carbon monoxide gas, erupting from 125 00:05:15.840 --> 00:05:18.330 its nucleus. That's a really unexpected level 126 00:05:18.330 --> 00:05:20.610 of activity for a comet that's so distant and 127 00:05:20.610 --> 00:05:23.170 cold. The comet was actually 128 00:05:23.170 --> 00:05:25.970 Discovered back in 2014 by astronomers Gary 129 00:05:25.970 --> 00:05:28.610 Bernstein and Pedro Bernardinelli, who 130 00:05:28.610 --> 00:05:30.770 spotted it as a faint fuzzy smudge in 131 00:05:30.770 --> 00:05:33.250 archival images from the Dark Energy Survey. 132 00:05:33.730 --> 00:05:35.930 Its slow movement immediately told them it 133 00:05:35.930 --> 00:05:38.570 was far out in the solar system and therefore 134 00:05:38.570 --> 00:05:41.570 quite large. This thing is on an incredibly 135 00:05:41.570 --> 00:05:44.020 long journey. Its perihelion, which is its 136 00:05:44.020 --> 00:05:46.300 closest approach to the sun, won't be until 137 00:05:46.300 --> 00:05:49.060 January 2031. And even then 138 00:05:49.140 --> 00:05:51.940 it'll still be 10.9 AU from the sun 139 00:05:52.340 --> 00:05:54.860 just outside Saturn's orbit. It's on a 140 00:05:54.860 --> 00:05:57.260 2.8 million year orbit inbound, and then a 141 00:05:57.260 --> 00:05:59.980 4.6 million year orbit outbound heading 142 00:05:59.980 --> 00:06:01.740 almost a light year away, about a fifth of 143 00:06:01.740 --> 00:06:03.940 the way to Proxima Centauri, our nearest 144 00:06:03.940 --> 00:06:06.300 star. The difference in its inbound and 145 00:06:06.300 --> 00:06:08.630 outbound orbit, by the way, is is likely due 146 00:06:08.630 --> 00:06:10.710 to interactions with planets when it's closer 147 00:06:10.710 --> 00:06:13.510 to the Sun. Nathan Roth from NASA's 148 00:06:13.510 --> 00:06:15.990 Goddard Space Flight Centre noted that these 149 00:06:15.990 --> 00:06:17.790 measurements give us a look at how this 150 00:06:17.790 --> 00:06:20.550 enormous icy world works and that they're 151 00:06:20.550 --> 00:06:23.110 seeing explosive outgassing patterns that 152 00:06:23.110 --> 00:06:25.590 raise new questions about how this comet will 153 00:06:25.590 --> 00:06:28.510 evolve. Now, you might be wondering, is this 154 00:06:28.510 --> 00:06:30.790 giant comet going to hit Earth? And 155 00:06:30.790 --> 00:06:33.760 thankfully no. While a comet of this size is, 156 00:06:33.910 --> 00:06:35.910 it's 12 times the size of the Chicxulub 157 00:06:35.910 --> 00:06:38.630 impactor that wiped out the dinosaurs. Would 158 00:06:38.630 --> 00:06:41.070 definitely be an extinction level event if it 159 00:06:41.070 --> 00:06:43.950 came our way. UN271 isn't coming 160 00:06:43.950 --> 00:06:46.190 anywhere near the inner solar system, so 161 00:06:46.190 --> 00:06:48.990 breathe easy. It's a bit of a shame it won't 162 00:06:48.990 --> 00:06:51.190 visit the inner solar system closer, because 163 00:06:51.190 --> 00:06:53.990 it would put on an amazing show even bigger 164 00:06:53.990 --> 00:06:56.470 than Comet Hale Bopp. But its appearance 165 00:06:56.470 --> 00:06:58.750 really shows us just what might be lurking 166 00:06:58.750 --> 00:07:01.150 out there in the remote icy realms of the 167 00:07:01.150 --> 00:07:03.580 outer solar system and how active these 168 00:07:03.580 --> 00:07:05.580 distant objects can be, which is pretty cool 169 00:07:06.780 --> 00:07:09.100 from the distant icy realms of comets. 170 00:07:09.260 --> 00:07:11.100 Let's zoom in a bit closer to Earth and 171 00:07:11.100 --> 00:07:13.420 actually to the geopolitical arena of space. 172 00:07:14.220 --> 00:07:16.780 French President Emmanuel Macron recently 173 00:07:16.780 --> 00:07:18.540 made some pretty strong statements 174 00:07:18.860 --> 00:07:20.980 emphasising that Europe really needs to re 175 00:07:20.980 --> 00:07:23.740 establish itself as a global space power. And 176 00:07:23.740 --> 00:07:26.140 he's particularly focused on the increasingly 177 00:07:26.140 --> 00:07:28.990 competitive low Earth orbit or or LEO 178 00:07:28.990 --> 00:07:31.950 satellite market. Macron was speaking at the 179 00:07:31.950 --> 00:07:34.470 Paris Air show and he didn't mince words. 180 00:07:34.790 --> 00:07:36.870 He warned that France, and by extension 181 00:07:36.870 --> 00:07:39.710 Europe, risked being completely squeezed out 182 00:07:39.710 --> 00:07:42.430 of this crucial LEO satellite constellation 183 00:07:42.430 --> 00:07:44.990 market. He specifically called out players 184 00:07:44.990 --> 00:07:47.790 like SpaceX who have as he put it 185 00:07:47.790 --> 00:07:50.470 disrupted the market and also Amazon, 186 00:07:50.470 --> 00:07:53.150 who's getting involved, plus China who's not 187 00:07:53.150 --> 00:07:55.660 far behind. He said we all need to be very 188 00:07:55.660 --> 00:07:58.540 clear headed about this situation. The 189 00:07:58.540 --> 00:08:00.980 urgency here stems from growing geopolitical 190 00:08:00.980 --> 00:08:03.460 tensions which are pushing countries to focus 191 00:08:03.460 --> 00:08:05.300 on the independence of their satellite 192 00:08:05.300 --> 00:08:08.180 infrastructure. Macron believes that relying 193 00:08:08.180 --> 00:08:10.780 on non European constellations in low orbit 194 00:08:10.780 --> 00:08:12.980 would be, and I quote, madness. 195 00:08:13.700 --> 00:08:15.740 He really wants to see Europe, with France at 196 00:08:15.740 --> 00:08:17.820 its core, become a space power once again. So 197 00:08:17.820 --> 00:08:19.780 what's the plan? Well, he's calling for a 198 00:08:19.780 --> 00:08:21.100 significant increase in collective 199 00:08:21.100 --> 00:08:23.900 investment, both public and private. He also 200 00:08:23.900 --> 00:08:26.380 suggested that non European partners like 201 00:08:26.380 --> 00:08:29.380 those in the Gulf, India, Canada and Brazil 202 00:08:29.780 --> 00:08:31.940 should team up with France. It's all about 203 00:08:31.940 --> 00:08:33.780 building strong alliances and shared 204 00:08:33.780 --> 00:08:36.260 solutions. As part of this push, 205 00:08:36.420 --> 00:08:38.260 France has actually more than doubled its 206 00:08:38.260 --> 00:08:40.900 stake in the satellite operator Utilsat, 207 00:08:41.140 --> 00:08:43.380 making it the largest shareholder in a deal 208 00:08:43.380 --> 00:08:46.100 worth about 1.35 billion euros. 209 00:08:46.500 --> 00:08:49.430 Utilsat, which by the way merged 210 00:08:49.430 --> 00:08:52.390 with the British firm OneWeb in 2023, 211 00:08:52.950 --> 00:08:55.470 is now the world's second largest operator of 212 00:08:55.470 --> 00:08:57.310 low earth orbit satellites, right behind 213 00:08:57.310 --> 00:08:59.750 Starlink. So they're actively positioning 214 00:08:59.750 --> 00:09:01.750 Eutelsat as a European alternative, 215 00:09:02.150 --> 00:09:03.990 especially for companies and nations looking 216 00:09:03.990 --> 00:09:05.790 for sovereign solutions and not wanting to 217 00:09:05.790 --> 00:09:07.990 rely solely on Elon Musk's ventures. 218 00:09:08.950 --> 00:09:11.230 Looking ahead, France also plans to organise 219 00:09:11.230 --> 00:09:13.750 a major space Summit in early 2026. 220 00:09:14.370 --> 00:09:16.490 The goal there is to really mobilise partners 221 00:09:16.490 --> 00:09:19.330 globally, both public and private, to 222 00:09:19.330 --> 00:09:21.490 push this vision forward. It really 223 00:09:21.490 --> 00:09:23.570 highlights how critical this independent 224 00:09:23.570 --> 00:09:25.930 space infrastructure is becoming, not just 225 00:09:25.930 --> 00:09:28.250 for telecommunications and navigation, but 226 00:09:28.250 --> 00:09:31.010 also for emergency response and even defence. 227 00:09:31.250 --> 00:09:32.130 It's a big deal. 228 00:09:33.570 --> 00:09:35.210 Speaking of global space efforts, the 229 00:09:35.210 --> 00:09:37.890 European Space Agency, or esa, is 230 00:09:37.890 --> 00:09:40.150 celebrating a pretty big milestone, their 231 00:09:40.150 --> 00:09:42.830 first half century. To mark this occasion, 232 00:09:42.830 --> 00:09:44.630 they've released a new publication called 233 00:09:44.630 --> 00:09:47.510 Issei 50 Hallmark Achievements 234 00:09:47.510 --> 00:09:50.070 Across 50 Years. And it really 235 00:09:50.070 --> 00:09:52.030 highlights some incredibly pivotal moments. 236 00:09:52.030 --> 00:09:54.230 From landing on a comet, which is just wild 237 00:09:54.230 --> 00:09:56.710 to think about, to fostering Europe's space 238 00:09:56.710 --> 00:09:58.750 industry, contributing a lab for the space 239 00:09:58.750 --> 00:10:00.990 shuttle, and even implementing the world's 240 00:10:00.990 --> 00:10:02.950 most precise satellite navigation system. 241 00:10:03.350 --> 00:10:05.720 It's a huge retrospective. The that really 242 00:10:05.720 --> 00:10:08.440 underscores ESA's crucial role in undertaking 243 00:10:08.440 --> 00:10:11.320 ambitious projects that frankly would 244 00:10:11.320 --> 00:10:13.280 just be too big for any single nation to 245 00:10:13.280 --> 00:10:15.880 tackle alone. As uh, ESA Director General Jos 246 00:10:15.880 --> 00:10:18.600 Aschbacher puts it, being an agency means 247 00:10:18.600 --> 00:10:21.559 taking action to deliver results too big 248 00:10:21.559 --> 00:10:23.680 and ambitious for any single nation. It 249 00:10:23.680 --> 00:10:25.360 really is all about that collective power. 250 00:10:25.600 --> 00:10:27.920 Kai Ua Schrogel, who was the agency 251 00:10:27.920 --> 00:10:29.920 coordinator for the 50th anniversary, 252 00:10:30.320 --> 00:10:32.320 actually mentioned that the biggest challenge 253 00:10:32.320 --> 00:10:34.120 wasn't deciding what to include in the 254 00:10:34.120 --> 00:10:36.620 publication, but actually what to leave out, 255 00:10:36.940 --> 00:10:39.580 because ISSEI has achieved such an enormously 256 00:10:39.580 --> 00:10:41.780 long list of remarkable milestones over the 257 00:10:41.780 --> 00:10:44.540 years. So the book isn't just about the top 258 00:10:44.700 --> 00:10:47.660 achievements, but truly hallmark ones, 259 00:10:47.820 --> 00:10:50.700 showcasing technical miracles, historic 260 00:10:50.700 --> 00:10:53.340 firsts, and honestly, just moments of 261 00:10:53.340 --> 00:10:55.420 pure inspiration that highlight the broad 262 00:10:55.420 --> 00:10:58.420 range of ESA's activities. It makes 263 00:10:58.420 --> 00:11:00.220 you think about what a Europe without its 264 00:11:00.220 --> 00:11:02.910 space agency would even look like. Director 265 00:11:02.910 --> 00:11:05.030 General Aschbacher encourages readers to 266 00:11:05.030 --> 00:11:07.830 imagine the wider universe would be a 267 00:11:07.830 --> 00:11:10.830 much dimmer, less known place. Our 268 00:11:10.830 --> 00:11:12.910 continent might have fewer native astronauts 269 00:11:12.910 --> 00:11:14.830 or space scientists, and our 270 00:11:14.830 --> 00:11:17.190 telecommunications, navigation, and even 271 00:11:17.190 --> 00:11:19.390 weather forecasting could well be dependent 272 00:11:19.390 --> 00:11:22.390 on foreign powers. So ESA's work 273 00:11:22.390 --> 00:11:24.310 is critical for maintaining Europe's 274 00:11:24.310 --> 00:11:26.750 independence and advancing its capabilities 275 00:11:26.750 --> 00:11:29.480 in space. The 50 achievements 276 00:11:29.480 --> 00:11:31.320 listed in this publication are actually 277 00:11:31.320 --> 00:11:33.800 grouped according to the five strategic goals 278 00:11:33.800 --> 00:11:36.120 of Issei's Strategy 2040, 279 00:11:36.520 --> 00:11:38.920 which is their vision for the next 15 years. 280 00:11:39.640 --> 00:11:41.600 So they're not just looking back, they're 281 00:11:41.600 --> 00:11:43.719 treating these past results as baselines to 282 00:11:43.719 --> 00:11:46.440 build upon for the future. The publication is 283 00:11:46.440 --> 00:11:49.160 available as a PDF and I'll include a link in 284 00:11:49.160 --> 00:11:51.120 the show Notes if you'd like to download a 285 00:11:51.120 --> 00:11:51.560 copy. 286 00:11:53.400 --> 00:11:55.480 That's all for this episode of Astronomy 287 00:11:55.480 --> 00:11:58.340 Daily. Wow, we covered a lot of 288 00:11:58.340 --> 00:12:00.500 ground today, didn't we? From the latest on 289 00:12:00.500 --> 00:12:02.900 SpaceX's Starship and those ongoing 290 00:12:02.900 --> 00:12:05.300 challenges they're facing to that truly 291 00:12:05.300 --> 00:12:07.540 monstrous Oort Cloud comet just doing its 292 00:12:07.540 --> 00:12:09.740 thing way out there, and even Europe's big 293 00:12:09.740 --> 00:12:11.940 push for space independence. And let's not 294 00:12:11.940 --> 00:12:14.660 Forget ise celebrating 50 years of incredible 295 00:12:14.660 --> 00:12:17.500 achievements. Thank you so much for tuning in 296 00:12:17.500 --> 00:12:19.900 and joining me. This has been Anna, your 297 00:12:19.900 --> 00:12:21.780 host, and I really invite you to visit our 298 00:12:21.780 --> 00:12:24.620 website at astronomydaily IO. 299 00:12:24.700 --> 00:12:27.540 That's astronomydaily IO. There you 300 00:12:27.540 --> 00:12:29.900 can actually sign up for our completely free 301 00:12:29.900 --> 00:12:32.500 daily newsletter and just catch up on all the 302 00:12:32.500 --> 00:12:34.780 latest space and astronomy news with our 303 00:12:34.780 --> 00:12:37.340 constantly updating news feed. And don't 304 00:12:37.340 --> 00:12:39.100 forget to subscribe to Astronomy Daily 305 00:12:39.180 --> 00:12:41.340 wherever you get your podcasts, whether 306 00:12:41.340 --> 00:12:43.420 that's Apple Podcasts, Spotify, 307 00:12:43.820 --> 00:12:46.780 YouTube, anywhere else you listen. That way 308 00:12:46.860 --> 00:12:49.640 you'll never miss an episode. Until next 309 00:12:49.640 --> 00:12:51.520 time, keep looking up. This is Anna signing 310 00:12:51.520 --> 00:12:51.760 off.