WEBVTT 0 00:00:00.320 --> 00:00:02.760 Anna: Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your daily dose 1 00:00:02.760 --> 00:00:05.520 of cosmic curiosities and stellar stories. 2 00:00:05.840 --> 00:00:07.840 I'm your host, Anna, and I'm thrilled to have 3 00:00:07.840 --> 00:00:09.960 you join us for another exciting journey 4 00:00:09.960 --> 00:00:12.720 through the universe. Today, we're diving 5 00:00:12.720 --> 00:00:15.240 into some fascinating breakthroughs. We'll 6 00:00:15.240 --> 00:00:17.320 explore how new technology might allow us to 7 00:00:17.320 --> 00:00:19.360 make water and fuel right on the moon, 8 00:00:19.680 --> 00:00:21.720 potentially changing the future of lunar 9 00:00:21.720 --> 00:00:24.560 exploration. We'll also ponder an intriguing 10 00:00:24.560 --> 00:00:27.240 theory that suggests our entire galaxy might 11 00:00:27.240 --> 00:00:29.840 be floating inside a massive cosmic void. 12 00:00:30.240 --> 00:00:33.100 A Hubble bubble, if you. Which could reshape 13 00:00:33.100 --> 00:00:34.780 our understanding of the universe's 14 00:00:34.780 --> 00:00:37.340 expansion. And for those who love to look up, 15 00:00:37.580 --> 00:00:39.460 we'll guide you on how to best catch an 16 00:00:39.460 --> 00:00:41.980 upcoming celestial spectacle. The Southern 17 00:00:41.980 --> 00:00:44.740 Delta Aquarian meteor shower. Plus, we've got 18 00:00:44.740 --> 00:00:46.740 a quirky tale about a newly discovered space 19 00:00:46.740 --> 00:00:48.740 rock doing a strange orbital dance with 20 00:00:48.740 --> 00:00:51.380 Neptune. So buckle up because there's a lot 21 00:00:51.380 --> 00:00:52.940 to unpack in today's episode. 22 00:00:54.220 --> 00:00:56.340 First up, let's talk about something that 23 00:00:56.340 --> 00:00:58.740 could truly revolutionise our future in 24 00:00:58.740 --> 00:01:01.180 space. Making essential resources 25 00:01:01.420 --> 00:01:04.140 directly on the moon. Imagine if 26 00:01:04.140 --> 00:01:06.340 astronauts didn't have to haul every drop of 27 00:01:06.340 --> 00:01:09.020 water or every breath of oxygen from Earth. 28 00:01:09.340 --> 00:01:11.860 Well, a team of researchers from China is 29 00:01:11.860 --> 00:01:13.740 working to make that a reality, developing a 30 00:01:13.740 --> 00:01:15.579 new technology that they say could produce 31 00:01:15.579 --> 00:01:18.420 water, oxygen and even fuel from lunar 32 00:01:18.420 --> 00:01:21.100 soil. This is a game changer because shipping 33 00:01:21.100 --> 00:01:23.420 just one litre of water to the moon currently 34 00:01:23.420 --> 00:01:26.020 costs a staggering 33,000 Australian 35 00:01:26.020 --> 00:01:27.400 dollars, which is roughly 36 00:01:27.400 --> 00:01:30.080 US$22,000. So 37 00:01:30.160 --> 00:01:32.600 finding ways to use the moon's own resources 38 00:01:32.600 --> 00:01:35.440 will be absolutely critical if humanity 39 00:01:35.440 --> 00:01:37.360 is going to return there and establish 40 00:01:37.360 --> 00:01:39.440 temporary or even long term habitats. 41 00:01:40.160 --> 00:01:41.680 The new approach uses what's called 42 00:01:41.680 --> 00:01:44.240 photothermal technology, detailed in a paper 43 00:01:44.240 --> 00:01:46.920 published in the journal Joule. Lunar soil 44 00:01:46.920 --> 00:01:49.000 isn't just inert dust. It actually holds 45 00:01:49.000 --> 00:01:51.280 stores of carbon dioxide and water, along 46 00:01:51.280 --> 00:01:52.920 with other minerals that could be incredibly 47 00:01:52.920 --> 00:01:55.390 useful for space mission crews. The real 48 00:01:55.390 --> 00:01:57.470 puzzle has always been how to extract these 49 00:01:57.470 --> 00:01:59.710 molecules efficiently on the moon's surface. 50 00:02:00.270 --> 00:02:02.230 As co author Lu Wang from the Chinese 51 00:02:02.230 --> 00:02:04.910 University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, put it, 52 00:02:04.910 --> 00:02:07.270 they never fully imagined the magic that the 53 00:02:07.270 --> 00:02:10.230 lunar soil possessed. Wang's team had 54 00:02:10.230 --> 00:02:12.390 previously analysed lunar soil samples 55 00:02:12.390 --> 00:02:14.350 brought back by China's Chang's five 56 00:02:14.350 --> 00:02:17.190 spacecraft, discovering that moon dust indeed 57 00:02:17.190 --> 00:02:20.070 contains many useful compounds. Their latest 58 00:02:20.070 --> 00:02:22.460 research builds on this, showing it's 59 00:02:22.460 --> 00:02:24.660 possible to extract water from lunar soil. 60 00:02:24.900 --> 00:02:27.500 But it gets even more exciting. They can then 61 00:02:27.500 --> 00:02:29.500 use that extracted water and the carbon 62 00:02:29.500 --> 00:02:32.020 dioxide exhaled by astronauts 63 00:02:32.260 --> 00:02:35.140 to produce hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. 64 00:02:35.460 --> 00:02:38.220 These products in turn can be used to create 65 00:02:38.220 --> 00:02:41.060 fuel and breathable oxygen. All 66 00:02:41.060 --> 00:02:43.100 that's needed to power this remarkable 67 00:02:43.100 --> 00:02:45.380 process is the photothermal technology, 68 00:02:46.100 --> 00:02:48.340 which efficiently converts sun sunlight into 69 00:02:48.340 --> 00:02:50.900 heat. The team was particularly 70 00:02:50.900 --> 00:02:53.380 surprised by the tangible success of this 71 00:02:53.380 --> 00:02:55.980 integrated method. They found that 72 00:02:55.980 --> 00:02:58.660 combining lunar water extraction with 73 00:02:58.660 --> 00:03:01.660 photothermal carbon dioxide catalysis could 74 00:03:01.660 --> 00:03:04.100 significantly enhance energy utilisation 75 00:03:04.420 --> 00:03:06.820 and reduce the cost and complexity of 76 00:03:06.820 --> 00:03:08.780 developing the necessary infrastructure on 77 00:03:08.780 --> 00:03:11.700 the Moon. It's a truly ingenious closed loop 78 00:03:11.700 --> 00:03:14.220 system. Now, while these lab experiments are 79 00:03:14.220 --> 00:03:16.850 a huge step forward, the researchers are also 80 00:03:16.850 --> 00:03:18.890 very realistic about the challenges ahead. 81 00:03:19.370 --> 00:03:21.850 They remind us that the Moon's extreme 82 00:03:21.930 --> 00:03:24.370 environment poses unique hurdles for 83 00:03:24.370 --> 00:03:27.250 implementing this technology. We're talking 84 00:03:27.250 --> 00:03:29.970 about drastic temperature fluctuations, an 85 00:03:29.970 --> 00:03:32.610 ultra high vacuum, intense solar radiation 86 00:03:32.610 --> 00:03:35.090 and low gravity. All of these factors 87 00:03:35.090 --> 00:03:37.810 complicate things considerably. Furthermore, 88 00:03:37.810 --> 00:03:40.050 lunar soil doesn't have a uniform composition 89 00:03:40.050 --> 00:03:42.800 across the Moon's surface. Some areas will 90 00:03:42.800 --> 00:03:44.960 naturally be richer in resources than others. 91 00:03:45.200 --> 00:03:47.880 And even with this innovative system, the 92 00:03:47.880 --> 00:03:50.400 carbon dioxide exhaled by astronauts might 93 00:03:50.400 --> 00:03:52.560 not be enough to meet all the water, fuel and 94 00:03:52.560 --> 00:03:54.400 oxygen needs for a larger base. 95 00:03:55.040 --> 00:03:57.519 Overcoming these technical hurdles, along 96 00:03:57.519 --> 00:03:59.640 with the significant development, deployment 97 00:03:59.640 --> 00:04:01.640 and operational costs, will be crucial to 98 00:04:01.640 --> 00:04:03.920 making sustainable lunar resource utilisation 99 00:04:03.920 --> 00:04:06.400 and space exploration a widespread reality. 100 00:04:06.720 --> 00:04:08.730 But but it's certainly a very promising start 101 00:04:10.090 --> 00:04:11.850 from the possibility of making our own 102 00:04:11.850 --> 00:04:12.970 resources on the Moon. 103 00:04:13.290 --> 00:04:15.610 Let's zoom out to a much grander scale. 104 00:04:15.930 --> 00:04:17.810 Remember how they were theorising that we 105 00:04:17.810 --> 00:04:20.290 might be living inside a black hole? Well, we 106 00:04:20.290 --> 00:04:22.290 have a new theory to ponder with an 107 00:04:22.290 --> 00:04:25.130 intriguing Are we here on Earth 108 00:04:25.130 --> 00:04:27.690 and our entire Milky Way galaxy actually 109 00:04:27.770 --> 00:04:30.010 trapped inside a giant cosmic void? 110 00:04:30.490 --> 00:04:32.730 This fascinating theory, based on echoes from 111 00:04:32.730 --> 00:04:35.130 the Big Bang, suggests exactly that. 112 00:04:35.610 --> 00:04:37.330 Researchers presenting at the Royal 113 00:04:37.330 --> 00:04:39.690 Astronomical Society National Astronomy 114 00:04:39.690 --> 00:04:42.090 meeting unveiled fresh evidence that our 115 00:04:42.090 --> 00:04:44.730 galaxy is suspended within a region of space 116 00:04:45.050 --> 00:04:47.450 that is less dense than the cosmic average. 117 00:04:48.090 --> 00:04:51.090 This vast 2 billion light year expanse has 118 00:04:51.090 --> 00:04:53.330 been dubbed the Hubble Bubble and it's 119 00:04:53.330 --> 00:04:55.890 estimated to be about 20% less dense than the 120 00:04:55.890 --> 00:04:57.930 average matter density across the universe. 121 00:04:58.250 --> 00:05:00.820 If this idea holds true, it it could provide 122 00:05:00.820 --> 00:05:02.780 a much needed solution to a persistent 123 00:05:02.780 --> 00:05:05.180 mystery in cosmology known as the Hubble 124 00:05:05.180 --> 00:05:07.700 Tension. This tension arises from 125 00:05:07.700 --> 00:05:09.540 conflicting measurements of the universe's 126 00:05:09.540 --> 00:05:11.740 expansion rate, which also impacts our 127 00:05:11.740 --> 00:05:14.420 understanding of its true age. One 128 00:05:14.420 --> 00:05:16.820 method based on analysing the cosmic 129 00:05:16.820 --> 00:05:19.500 microwave backgroundessentially. Cosmic 130 00:05:19.500 --> 00:05:21.380 fossils from the universe's first light 131 00:05:21.860 --> 00:05:24.660 suggests an expansion rate of 67 kilometres 132 00:05:24.660 --> 00:05:27.380 per second per megaparsec. However, 133 00:05:27.380 --> 00:05:29.580 a second method which measures distances 134 00:05:29.580 --> 00:05:32.580 using Type Ia supernovas and variable stars 135 00:05:32.900 --> 00:05:35.020 indicates a higher expansion rate of 136 00:05:35.020 --> 00:05:37.180 73.2 kilometres per second per 137 00:05:37.180 --> 00:05:40.180 megaparsec. That's a noticeable discrepancy 138 00:05:40.580 --> 00:05:43.100 The Hubble bubble theory posits that if the 139 00:05:43.100 --> 00:05:45.900 Milky Way is indeed situated within such a 140 00:05:45.900 --> 00:05:48.740 less dense region, then the local expansion 141 00:05:48.740 --> 00:05:50.900 inside this void would naturally appear 142 00:05:50.980 --> 00:05:53.540 faster than in the denser, more distant parts 143 00:05:53.540 --> 00:05:56.480 of the cosmos. Indranil Banik, the 144 00:05:56.480 --> 00:05:58.720 study's lead author, explained that a large 145 00:05:58.720 --> 00:06:01.240 local void would cause matter to be pulled by 146 00:06:01.240 --> 00:06:03.520 gravity towards its higher density exterior, 147 00:06:03.760 --> 00:06:06.360 making the void emptier over time. This 148 00:06:06.360 --> 00:06:08.960 effect would accelerate local expansion. For 149 00:06:08.960 --> 00:06:11.360 this theory to work, our galaxy would need to 150 00:06:11.360 --> 00:06:13.440 be located quite close to the centre of this 151 00:06:13.440 --> 00:06:15.440 low density Hubble bubble. 152 00:06:16.080 --> 00:06:19.080 Bannock and his team used data from baryon 153 00:06:19.080 --> 00:06:21.600 acoustic oscillations, the sounds of the Big 154 00:06:21.600 --> 00:06:24.200 Bang, to support previous research from the 155 00:06:24.200 --> 00:06:26.760 1990s that had already noted fewer 156 00:06:26.760 --> 00:06:28.880 galaxies in our local universe than expected. 157 00:06:29.760 --> 00:06:32.240 These ancient sound waves, frozen in place 158 00:06:32.240 --> 00:06:34.960 when the universe cooled, act like a standard 159 00:06:34.960 --> 00:06:37.800 ruler that allows astronomers to chart cosmic 160 00:06:37.800 --> 00:06:40.800 expansion history. What's truly striking 161 00:06:40.800 --> 00:06:43.320 is that their research found it's 100 times 162 00:06:43.320 --> 00:06:45.680 more likely that we live in a cosmic void 163 00:06:45.840 --> 00:06:47.930 than than in a region of average density. 164 00:06:48.490 --> 00:06:50.610 This suggests we might be in a very unique 165 00:06:50.610 --> 00:06:52.810 cosmic neighbourhood. The next steps for 166 00:06:52.810 --> 00:06:55.450 Banik and his team will involve comparing 167 00:06:55.450 --> 00:06:58.050 their void model to other cosmological 168 00:06:58.050 --> 00:07:00.890 models and exploring potential adjustments 169 00:07:01.130 --> 00:07:03.130 to the standard model of cosmology. 170 00:07:04.090 --> 00:07:06.970 It's, uh, a truly mind bending concept that 171 00:07:06.970 --> 00:07:09.370 could redefine our place in the universe 172 00:07:10.730 --> 00:07:12.930 from the vastness of the cosmos and potential 173 00:07:12.930 --> 00:07:13.930 cosmic voids. 174 00:07:14.010 --> 00:07:16.010 Let's bring our focus a little closer to 175 00:07:16.010 --> 00:07:18.140 home. Though still quite far out in our own 176 00:07:18.140 --> 00:07:21.140 solar system, astronomers have recently made 177 00:07:21.140 --> 00:07:23.700 an incredibly intriguing discovery. A 178 00:07:23.700 --> 00:07:25.940 peculiar space rock at the very edge of our 179 00:07:25.940 --> 00:07:28.260 solar system is locked in a fascinating 180 00:07:28.260 --> 00:07:31.140 rhythmic dance with Neptune. This Object, 181 00:07:31.140 --> 00:07:33.980 officially designated 2020 VN40, 182 00:07:34.540 --> 00:07:36.580 belongs to a group of distant solar system 183 00:07:36.580 --> 00:07:39.580 bodies known as Trans neptunian objects, or 184 00:07:39.580 --> 00:07:42.082 TNOs. What makes 2020 185 00:07:42.238 --> 00:07:45.060 VN40 so special is that it's the very first 186 00:07:45.060 --> 00:07:47.620 object ever found that orbits the sun exactly 187 00:07:47.620 --> 00:07:50.340 once for every 10 orbits Neptune completes. 188 00:07:51.140 --> 00:07:53.260 Considering that one Neptunian year stretches 189 00:07:53.260 --> 00:07:56.020 across a remarkable 164.8 190 00:07:56.020 --> 00:07:58.680 Earth years, this means 2020 191 00:07:58.880 --> 00:08:01.700 VN40 has an incredibly long year, 192 00:08:01.940 --> 00:08:04.900 lasting approximately 1,648 193 00:08:04.900 --> 00:08:07.780 Earth years, or nearly 20,000 Earth months. 194 00:08:08.660 --> 00:08:11.060 Researchers believe this slow ponderous 195 00:08:11.060 --> 00:08:13.660 orbital dance with Neptune might have begun 196 00:08:13.660 --> 00:08:15.860 when the ice giant's gravity temporarily 197 00:08:15.860 --> 00:08:18.760 snared it. This discovery is a significant 198 00:08:19.000 --> 00:08:21.520 step in understanding the dynamics of objects 199 00:08:21.520 --> 00:08:24.040 at the solar system's fringe. As 200 00:08:24.040 --> 00:08:25.720 Rosemary pike from the Centre for 201 00:08:25.720 --> 00:08:27.680 Astrophysics at Harvard and Smithsonian 202 00:08:27.680 --> 00:08:30.440 noted, it shows that Even very distant 203 00:08:30.440 --> 00:08:33.360 regions influenced by Neptune can contain 204 00:08:33.360 --> 00:08:36.200 objects. And it gives us new clues about how 205 00:08:36.200 --> 00:08:39.160 the solar system evolved. The unique 206 00:08:39.160 --> 00:08:41.560 orbital rhythm of 2020 VN40 207 00:08:42.040 --> 00:08:44.240 was unearthed from data collected by the 208 00:08:44.240 --> 00:08:47.090 Large Inclination distant objects, or LIDO 209 00:08:47.090 --> 00:08:49.650 survey. This survey specifically hunts for 210 00:08:49.650 --> 00:08:51.930 TNOs with orbits that carry them far above 211 00:08:51.930 --> 00:08:53.930 and below the main orbital plane of Earth 212 00:08:53.930 --> 00:08:56.410 around the Sun. Exploring previously 213 00:08:56.410 --> 00:08:59.330 uncharted areas of our solar system, what 214 00:08:59.330 --> 00:09:02.250 truly sets 2020 VN4.0 apart is 215 00:09:02.250 --> 00:09:04.770 its unusual perihelion alignment with 216 00:09:04.770 --> 00:09:07.690 Neptune. Most other bodies in rhythmic 217 00:09:07.690 --> 00:09:09.650 alignment with Neptune make their closest 218 00:09:09.650 --> 00:09:12.010 approaches to the sun when Neptune is at its 219 00:09:12.010 --> 00:09:14.940 farthest. But 2020 VN4.0 220 00:09:14.940 --> 00:09:17.660 defies this trend, reaching its perihelion 221 00:09:17.660 --> 00:09:20.020 when Neptune is also relatively close to the 222 00:09:20.020 --> 00:09:22.860 Sun. While this might sound like they're side 223 00:09:22.860 --> 00:09:24.712 by side, 2020 224 00:09:24.928 --> 00:09:27.860 VN4.0's highly tilted path means it's 225 00:09:27.860 --> 00:09:29.780 actually far below the solar system's plane 226 00:09:29.780 --> 00:09:32.380 during this alignment. This new motion, 227 00:09:32.540 --> 00:09:34.820 as Ruth Murray Clay from the University of 228 00:09:34.820 --> 00:09:37.420 California, Santa Cruz described it, is 229 00:09:37.820 --> 00:09:39.940 like finding a hidden rhythm in a song we 230 00:09:39.940 --> 00:09:42.380 thought we knew. It suggests that objects 231 00:09:42.380 --> 00:09:44.700 with highly tilted orbits can adopt novel and 232 00:09:44.700 --> 00:09:47.140 unexpected types of, um, movement, revealing 233 00:09:47.140 --> 00:09:49.300 more complexity in our solar system than 234 00:09:49.300 --> 00:09:52.220 previously imagined. The hunt is now on for 235 00:09:52.220 --> 00:09:55.220 more bodies like 2020 VN4.0, with the 236 00:09:55.220 --> 00:09:57.620 new Vera C. Rubin Observatory poised to play 237 00:09:57.620 --> 00:09:59.020 a crucial role in this exciting 238 00:09:59.020 --> 00:10:02.020 investigation. This discovery truly opens a 239 00:10:02.020 --> 00:10:03.900 new window into the solar system's past. 240 00:10:05.260 --> 00:10:07.060 And now for something you can enjoy right 241 00:10:07.060 --> 00:10:08.540 here on Earth, if you know where to look. 242 00:10:09.440 --> 00:10:12.360 The 2025 Southern Delta Aquariad meteor 243 00:10:12.360 --> 00:10:15.160 shower is upon us, with its peak expected on 244 00:10:15.160 --> 00:10:17.840 July 29. This annual shower is 245 00:10:17.840 --> 00:10:20.680 active from July 18 to August 12 as 246 00:10:20.680 --> 00:10:22.760 our planet drifts through an ancient trail of 247 00:10:22.760 --> 00:10:25.160 debris. This debris is thought to have been 248 00:10:25.160 --> 00:10:27.400 shed by a 4 mile wide comet named 249 00:10:27.400 --> 00:10:30.200 96PMachholz. When these tiny 250 00:10:30.200 --> 00:10:32.200 particles hit Earth's atmosphere, the 251 00:10:32.200 --> 00:10:34.480 friction makes them ignite, creating those 252 00:10:34.480 --> 00:10:36.560 beautiful streaks of light we call shooting 253 00:10:36.560 --> 00:10:39.140 stars. The shower is at its strongest in the 254 00:10:39.140 --> 00:10:42.020 week around its July 29 peak, when you 255 00:10:42.020 --> 00:10:44.540 might spot up to eight faint meteors per 256 00:10:44.540 --> 00:10:46.980 hour. These shooting stars will appear to 257 00:10:46.980 --> 00:10:49.220 emanate from a specific patch of sky known as 258 00:10:49.220 --> 00:10:51.980 a radiant within the constellation Aquarius, 259 00:10:52.300 --> 00:10:54.780 very close to the bright star Delta Aquarii, 260 00:10:54.940 --> 00:10:57.860 which gives the shower its name. For the 261 00:10:57.860 --> 00:10:59.780 best chance to spot a southern Delta 262 00:10:59.780 --> 00:11:01.980 Aquariad, aim for the early morning hours in 263 00:11:01.980 --> 00:11:04.850 the week surrounding July 29th. During 264 00:11:04.850 --> 00:11:06.890 this time, the radiant will be highest in the 265 00:11:06.890 --> 00:11:09.530 southern sky, and the waxing crescent Moon 266 00:11:09.530 --> 00:11:12.090 will be well below the horizon, ensuring a 267 00:11:12.090 --> 00:11:15.010 dark canvas for your meteor hunt. As its name 268 00:11:15.010 --> 00:11:17.410 suggests, this shower is most visible to 269 00:11:17.410 --> 00:11:19.690 stargazers in the southern hemisphere, where 270 00:11:19.690 --> 00:11:22.050 the radiant will be higher in the post sunset 271 00:11:22.050 --> 00:11:24.730 sky. However, don't despair if you're north 272 00:11:24.730 --> 00:11:27.130 of the equator, the shower will still be 273 00:11:27.130 --> 00:11:30.130 visible just at a slightly lower hourly rate. 274 00:11:31.110 --> 00:11:33.150 To maximise your chances, first locate the 275 00:11:33.150 --> 00:11:35.510 bright star Delta Aquarii in the 276 00:11:35.510 --> 00:11:37.390 constellation Aquarius above the southern 277 00:11:37.390 --> 00:11:40.270 horizon, or use a stargazing app to guide 278 00:11:40.270 --> 00:11:43.030 you. Then find a patch of sky about 279 00:11:43.030 --> 00:11:45.550 40 degrees away from this radiant in the 280 00:11:45.550 --> 00:11:48.230 direction directly above your head. As a 281 00:11:48.230 --> 00:11:50.350 handy guide, the width of your outstretched 282 00:11:50.350 --> 00:11:52.430 fist, from your thumb to the outside of your 283 00:11:52.430 --> 00:11:54.830 little finger, covers about 10 degrees in the 284 00:11:54.830 --> 00:11:57.720 night sky. Meteors seen further from 285 00:11:57.720 --> 00:12:00.240 the radiant wheel often have longer trails, 286 00:12:00.240 --> 00:12:03.240 making them easier to spot. You'll also have 287 00:12:03.240 --> 00:12:05.200 a much better chance if you head away from 288 00:12:05.200 --> 00:12:07.600 city lights and give your eyes about 30 289 00:12:07.600 --> 00:12:09.600 minutes to fully adapt to the darkness. 290 00:12:10.400 --> 00:12:13.120 After that, simply lie back, perhaps in a 291 00:12:13.120 --> 00:12:15.320 comfortable deck chair, and lose yourself in 292 00:12:15.320 --> 00:12:18.080 the night sky. Keep an eye out for bright 293 00:12:18.080 --> 00:12:19.920 meteors streaking across the sky from the 294 00:12:19.920 --> 00:12:22.740 north too. If you see one, you might have 295 00:12:22.740 --> 00:12:24.580 spotted a member of the Perseid meteor 296 00:12:24.580 --> 00:12:27.180 shower, which is also active since mid July. 297 00:12:27.580 --> 00:12:30.500 Happy stargazing? And that 298 00:12:30.500 --> 00:12:32.540 brings us to the end of another fascinating 299 00:12:32.540 --> 00:12:35.220 journey through the cosmos. Today we've 300 00:12:35.220 --> 00:12:37.260 explored the innovative possibilities of 301 00:12:37.260 --> 00:12:39.820 extracting water and fuel from lunar soil, 302 00:12:40.220 --> 00:12:42.540 pondered whether our Milky Way galaxy is 303 00:12:42.540 --> 00:12:45.180 truly nestled within a vast cosmic void, 304 00:12:45.420 --> 00:12:47.820 and discovered a new, intriguing dance 305 00:12:47.820 --> 00:12:49.700 partner for Neptune in the outer solar 306 00:12:49.700 --> 00:12:51.950 system. And of course, we learned how to 307 00:12:51.950 --> 00:12:53.830 catch a glimpse of the beautiful southern 308 00:12:53.830 --> 00:12:56.830 Delta Aquarid meteor shower. Thank you 309 00:12:56.830 --> 00:12:59.110 for joining me, Anna, on Astronomy Daily. 310 00:13:00.070 --> 00:13:02.390 Don't forget, you can dive deeper into all 311 00:13:02.390 --> 00:13:04.150 the latest space and astronomy news by 312 00:13:04.150 --> 00:13:06.950 visiting our website@astronomydaily.IO. 313 00:13:07.270 --> 00:13:09.150 there you can sign up for our free daily 314 00:13:09.150 --> 00:13:10.990 newsletter and keep up to date with our 315 00:13:10.990 --> 00:13:13.550 constantly updating news feed. Be sure to 316 00:13:13.550 --> 00:13:15.430 subscribe to Astronomy Daily on Apple 317 00:13:15.430 --> 00:13:18.200 Podcasts, Spotify, YouTube, or 318 00:13:18.200 --> 00:13:20.520 wherever you get your podcasts so you never 319 00:13:20.520 --> 00:13:23.000 miss an episode. Until next time, 320 00:13:23.320 --> 00:13:24.280 keep looking up.