WEBVTT

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Anna: Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your

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daily dose of the latest and most exciting

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news from across the cosmos. I'm

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Anna.

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Avery: And I'm Avery. We are so glad to have you

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join us as we dive deep into the fascinating

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world of space and astronomy. There's always

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something incredible happening out there, and

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we're here to break it all down for you.

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Anna: Today we're covering everything from a

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historic, yet brief rocket launch in

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Australia to NASA's latest lunar mission

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contracts and an exciting new radio

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telescope preparing for its journey to the

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moon's far side.

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Avery: Plus, we'll get an update on SpaceX's

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Starship as it gears up for its 10th flight.

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So get ready to explore the universe with us.

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Anna: Kicking off our news, we have an update from

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Australia, where Gilmour Space made a

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historic attempt at their first orbital

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launch. On July 29, their

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Eris rocket lifted off from the Bowen Orbital

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Spaceport in Queensland, marking

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Australia's first homegrown orbital launch

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attempt in over 50 years.

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Avery: That's a huge milestone for Australia's space

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industry. Even though the launch didn't go as

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planned, just 14 seconds after liftoff,

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the Eris rocket began sliding sideways and

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crashed back to Earth. It sounds reminiscent

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of Astra's third orbital launch attempt back

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in 2021, which also had a similar side

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slide.

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Anna: Exactly. It's a tough break for a debut,

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but Gilmour Space is maintaining an

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incredibly optimistic outlook. They shared

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on X, formerly Twitter that ERIS

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became the first Australian made orbital

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rocket to launch from Australian soil,

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achieving 14 seconds of flight and a

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23 second engine burn. They called it a

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big step for launch capability, confirming

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their team was safe, data was in hand and

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their eyes are already on test flight two.

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Avery: It really highlights the fail, fast, learn

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faster mantra of the space industry. Gilmour

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Space CEO Adam Gilmour emphasized that every

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second of flight will deliver valuable data

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that will improve our rocket's reliability

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and performance for future launches. He also

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stated that getting off the pad and into

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flight is a huge step forward for any new

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rocket program, proving that much of what

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they've built works. It's fantastic that

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there were no injuries or adverse

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environmental impacts. This launch has been a

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long time coming for them. Gilmour Space,

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based on Australia's Gold coast, initially

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aimed for a March launch, but that was

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scuttled by Tropical Cyclone Alfred.

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Then a, uh, mid May attempt was foiled by a

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technical issue where Aris's payload fairing

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unexpectedly popped off while the rocket was

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on the pad. Oh wow. A power

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surge caused by electrical backfeed from

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downstream devices was the culprit there.

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After fixing that, they geared up for late

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June, but strong winds at the spaceport,

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which Gilmore Space operates, pushed it back

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further. It seems like a combination of

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weather and technical glitches kept pushing

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the date until they finally got off the

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ground.

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Anna: It truly was a testament to their

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persistence. The company founded by

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Adam and James Gilmore in 2015

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and aims to make Australia a major player in

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spaceflight. Eris, their 82

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foot tall rocket, is designed to launch

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payloads of up to

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£474 to Sun

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Synchronous orbit.

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Avery: And it's not just rockets. The company also

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built satellites. Their Alarisat spacecraft

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bus had its first launch just last month on

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SpaceX's Transporter 14 mission, carrying

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in instruments for CSIRO,

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Australia's national science agency, to

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monitor water quality. So while the ERIS

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launch didn't fully succeed, this time it's

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clear Gilmour Space is a significant and

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growing force in the Australian space sector.

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Anna: Next up, let's turn our attention to some

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exciting news from NASA and their

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ongoing Artemis campaign, which is all about

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exploring more of the moon than ever before.

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NASA has recently awarded a substantial

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contract to Firefly Aerospace, based

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in Cedar Park, Texas.

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Avery: It's a big step, and what's particularly

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noteworthy about this delivery is that it's

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the first time NASA will use multiple rovers

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and a variety of stationary instruments in a

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truly collaborative effort. They're working

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with the Canadian Space Agency, or csa,

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and the University of Bern in Switzerland.

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Anna: It's a big step and what's particularly

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noteworthy about this delivery is that it's

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the first time NASA will use multiple rovers

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and a variety of stationary instruments in a

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truly collaborative effort. They're working

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with the Canadian Space Agency, or

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csa, and the University of Bern in

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Switzerland. The primary goal is to

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gain a deeper understanding of the chemical

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composition of the lunar South Pole region.

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The this area is of high interest due to the

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potential for using resources available

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in its permanently shadowed regions which are

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thought to hold water ice. Joel

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Kearns, NASA's Deputy Associate Administrator

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for exploration, highlighted that CLPS

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is embracing a new era of lunar

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exploration, with commercial companies like

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Firefly leading the way. These

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investigations are crucial for developing the

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knowledge needed for long term sustainability

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on.

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Avery: The Moon, and the instruments they'll be

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carrying are fascinating. One of the rovers

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is Moon Ranger, an autonomous micro

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rover developed by NASA's Ames Research

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center and Carnegie Mellon University, which

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will explore the lunar surface and study

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hydrogen bearing volatiles with its neutron

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spectrometer system.

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Anna: Then there are the STEREO cameras for lunar

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plume surface studies, designed to capture

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the impact of the rocket exhaust plume and as

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the lander descends, Helping us predict

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lunar regolith erosion. We'll also see

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a laser retroreflector array, A passive

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instrument that will serve As a permanent

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location marker for decades.

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Avery: The CSA rover is also part of this mission,

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Specifically designed to access and explore

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Remote south pole areas, including those

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permanently shadowed regions. It's built to

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survive at least one lunar night and

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carrying a suite of instruments like stereo

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cameras, A neutron spectrometer, and the

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thermal imaging radiometer to understand the

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lunar surface, Geological history, and

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potential resources like water ice.

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And finally, the University of Bern Is

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contributing A laser ionization mass

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spectrometer. This instrument will analyze

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the element and isotope composition of lunar

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regolith Using a robotic arm and

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titanium shovel to excavate samples.

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It'll give us grain by grain analyses to

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understand the chemical complexity of the

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landing site and the moon's evolution.

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It's a comprehensive set of tools Aimed at

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unlocking the secrets of the lunar.

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Anna: South pole from potential lunar resources.

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Let's shift our focus to an ambitious

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scientific endeavor Listening to the very

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early universe. The lunar surface

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electromagnetics experiment

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radio telescope project has reached a major

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milestone and is now ready for testing.

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Avery: This is incredibly exciting, Anna. Uh, this

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project plans to deploy A radio telescope on

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the moon's far side by 2026.

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The unique advantage of the moon's far side

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Is that it's completely shielded from earth's

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radio noise, which constantly interferes with

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ground based telescopes.

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Anna: That isolation is key, isn't it? It

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allows Lucy Knight to search for incredibly

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faint signals from the early universe,

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Specifically the coveted dark ages signal.

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This signal originates from a time when the

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universe was only about 380,000

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years old, long before the first stars and

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planets had even formed. Earth's radio

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interference Typically drowns out this

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specific signal, Making a far side lunar

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telescope an ideal location.

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Avery: Absolutely. But as appealing as the far

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side is for its radio quietness, it

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presents immense engineering challenges.

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Any equipment sent there has to contend with

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an incredibly harsh environment. We're

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talking about massive amounts of radiation

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and extreme temperature swings.

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Anna: And when we say extreme, we mean it.

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Temperatures can drop to

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-173 degrees Celsius

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during the 14 day lunar night and

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soar to 173 degrees

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Celsius during the 14 day lunar day.

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This day night cycle also means that if the

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system relies on solar panels, it needs to

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power itself for two weeks without

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recharging.

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Avery: That's where the design gets intricate. A

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significant portion of the telescope's

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weight, about 50kg is dedicated

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solely to its battery to ensure it can last

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through two weeks without sunlight. Beyond

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power, thermal management is another huge

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hurdle. UC Berkeley designed a specialized

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heat pipe system that transfers heat

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generated by solar radiation and the

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instruments to a radiator, which then

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releases that heat into space.

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Anna: They also incorporated a series of thermal

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switches to control the internal temperature

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and turn subsystems on and off as needed

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to maintain thermal stability. What's

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particularly ambitious about Lucy E.

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Knight is its objective to collect data

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100% of the time, which demands a

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complex melding of power and thermal

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management.

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Avery: It truly is. While collecting Dark

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Age data is a significant goal,

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Lucy II primary mission is actually

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a technology demonstration. It's

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designed to prove that radio telescopes can

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not only survive, but also viably collect

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data on the far side of the Moon for more

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than just a few days. The plan is for it to

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collect data for over two years. If

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successful, it will pave the way for even

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more powerful radio telescopes in this

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uniquely quiet region of space.

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Anna: From the quiet far side of the Moon let's

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now turn our attention back to Earth, or

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rather just above it, with some news from

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SpaceX. They've recently moved their Starship

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vehicle to the launch pad for testing, ahead

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of what's expected to be its 10th flight.

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Avery: That's right, Anna. This is a big step for

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the ambitious program. Flight 10 is

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anticipated to take place next month. Month

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from SpaceX's Starbase site in South Texas,

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the Starship Upper Stage, which stands at

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171ft tall, was

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documented making its journey to the pad in

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photos shared by SpaceX.

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Anna: Elon Musk initially hinted at a launch in

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about three weeks back on July 14,

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and his most recent update points to next

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month. So we're definitely nearing another

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launch attempt. SpaceX is developing

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Starship as the largest and most powerful

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rocket ever built, with the ultimate goal

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of helping humanity colonize Mars and

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undertaking other significant exploration

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feats.

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Avery: This vehicle is quite a marvel, consisting of

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two fully reusable elements, the giant Super

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Heavy Booster and the Upper Stage

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spacecraft, often referred to simply as Ship.

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While the Super Heavy Booster has shown

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remarkable success in its recent flights,

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even demonstrating the chopstick catch by the

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launch tower, the Ship Upper Stage has

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faced its share of challenges.

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Anna: Indeed, SpaceX lost the ship vehicle on the

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three most recent Starship flights, which

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took place in January, March and May of this

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year. They've been diligently working through

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issues, including a rapid unscheduled

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disassembly of a previous ship variant on

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a test stand in June, which was traced to a

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pressurized nitrogen tank failure,

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it's clear they're learning.

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Avery: And adapting with each test. Despite these

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setbacks, the drive behind Starship remains

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focused on its grand vision, its enabling

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routine, fully reusable spaceflight to

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make Mars settlement economically feasible.

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All eyes will certainly be on Flight 10 to

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see how these ongoing improvements play out.

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Anna: And that brings us to the end of another

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fascinating episode of Astronomy Daily.

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We've covered quite a range of stories today,

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from the challenges of Australia's first

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orbital rocket launch attempt with Gilmour

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Space's Eris to NASA's significant

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new contract with Firefly Aerospace for lunar

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deliveries.

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Avery: Yes, and we also looked at the incredible

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potential of the Lucy E. Night radio

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telescope preparing for its journey to the

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moon's far side, hoping to unlock

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secrets from the universe's dark ages.

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And then, of course, the continuous

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development and testing of SpaceX's mighty

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Starship as it inches closer to its

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ambitious goals.

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Anna: It's been a packed episode, full of the

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latest advancements, some setbacks, and

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incredible leaps in space and astronomy.

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There's always so much happening in the

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cosmos, and if you'd like to keep across even

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more space and astronomy news, just visit our

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website@astronomydaily.IO

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Absolutely.

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Avery: Thank you so much for joining us on Astronomy

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Daily. We love sharing these updates with

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you.

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Anna: Be sure to tune in again tomorrow for more

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exciting space and astronomy news. Until

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then, keep looking up

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the.

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Avery: Story.