WEBVTT

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Steve Dunkley: Hello again. It's time for Astronomy Daily

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with Steve and Hallie, almost live from the

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Australia studio down under. It's the 18th of

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August, 2025.

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That's right. We're off to a flying start

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with another collection of stories hot off

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the Astronomy Daily newsletter press. And to

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help me get them flying into your speakers

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and audio devices all across the world, a

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minimum of fuss. Here's my intrepid AI

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digital reporter pal who's always fun to be

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with. Here's Hallie.

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Hallie: Hi there, favorite human who always gives me

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a terrific intro.

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Steve Dunkley: Oh, no problem, Hallie. It's my pleasure. Are

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you ready to spin a few yarns and tell a few

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tales?

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Hallie: If that's what it takes to deliver the news

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and stories from space, space science and

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astronomy from Earth, Earth orbit and beyond

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the cosmos, then sure.

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Steve Dunkley: Well, that sounds great.

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What have you got up your sleeve today?

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Hallie: We've got something about the European Space

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Agency's Flex Satellite, New Glenn and

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printable metal from NASA.

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Steve Dunkley: Wow, that sounds interesting.

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Hallie: That's a mixed bag today.

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Steve Dunkley: Well, that sounds good to me. We've also got

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a cute story about the winners of the Artemis

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2 zero gravity indicator. And if you don't

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know what that is, then you're just going to

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have to hang around and find out.

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Hallie: I know what that is.

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Steve Dunkley: You know everything, Allie.

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Hallie: I know.

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Steve Dunkley: Oh, I know you know.

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Hallie: Do you really know?

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Steve Dunkley: Well, I knew I knew.

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Hallie: I know that.

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Steve Dunkley: Yeah. Uh, I know.

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Hallie: No worries, Sherlock.

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Steve Dunkley: Okay then, so let's have at it then.

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Hallie: Hit that go thing, human.

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Steve Dunkley: All right then. Let's go.

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Hallie: Sure.

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Foreign

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satellite developed by the European Space

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Agency has reached a new milestone with the

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addition of a new instrument. The

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European Space Agency's Flex Earth Explorer

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mission has reached the next stage with the

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integration of its sole instrument, Floris,

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onto the satellite platform. The

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assembly took place at Thales Alenia Space in

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Cannes, France, after Floris arrived from

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Leonardo's facility in Florence, Italy.

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Designed to map global vegetation

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fluorescence, Floris will quantify

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photosynthetic activity and detect plant

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stress from orbit.

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Photosynthesis sustains life by converting

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carbon dioxide into oxygen, but it also

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produces a faint fluorescence signal

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invisible to the human eye. This

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signal changes with plant health and

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environmental conditions, providing a

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valuable measure of ecosystem vitality.

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Flex will detect and analyze this signal from

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space, delivering unprecedented insights into

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plant health monitoring. Thales

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Alenia Space, the mission's prime contractor

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oversaw the platform's assembly, integration

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and testing at its Belfast, Northern

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Ireland clean room before the current

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integration phase in Caen. With

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the spacecraft now fully assembled, the team

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will proceed with final test campaigns ahead

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of the planned 2026 launch.

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You're listening to Astronomy Daily.

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Steve Dunkley: The first NASA crew to launch to the moon in

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more than 50 years will be joined by a polar

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bear or maybe a zebra or an

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octopus, or maybe even a lunar

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crust crustacean as

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they are among finalist in a global

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contest to design the astronauts

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zero gravity indicator. Yes, one of the

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small dolls, which also includes a tribute to

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Earthrise and a plush representation of the

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Greek goddess Artemis, herself a namesake

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for NASA's new lunar program,

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will fulfill the purpose and tradition of

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flying a tethered toy as a visual

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signal that the crew are indeed

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weightless in an environment of outer space

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itself. The Zero G indicator

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ZGI or ZGI for our Northern

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Hemisphere neighbors will indicate

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floating aboard the mission's Orion

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spacecraft before the astronauts can unbuckle

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from their seats and do the same float

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around. That is the Artemis II crew,

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indicates Commander Reid Wiseman, pilot

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Victor Glover and Mission Specialist

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Christina Koch, all with NASA and

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Canadian Space Agency astronaut Jeremy

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Hansen, also mission specialist.

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The 11 day flight will loop far beyond the

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moon and return to Earth, uh testing critical

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systems for later lunar orbit and landing

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missions, matt Barry, the chief executive of

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Freelancer uh, NASA's Partner in the Moon

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mascot NASA Artemis 2 ZGI uh, design

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challenge, said in a statement released on

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Friday. These finalists have proven they

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indeed have the right stuff. The

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crowdsourcing company organized the judging

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panel it chose for the 25 finalists from the

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2,605 entries that were

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submitted between March and June. The

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selected dolls include 12 designed by

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individual students and classroom teams, and

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13 by adults. The finalists hailed

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from nine US states and nine foreign

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countries, including Canada, Japan, Peru,

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Singapore and the United Kingdom. The

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creativity they've shown is incredible. They

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should be proud that they have their efforts

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recognized on such a stage and be part of

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humanity's ongoing quest to understand

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the cosmos, said Barry. NASA is expected

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to name the winning ZGI

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later this year. That one submission will be

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made into a doll and flown on the Artemis 2

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mission, currently on track to launch as

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early as February but no later than April

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2026. Entrance created

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designs that represented humanity expl

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and the spirit of the Artemis campaign that

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could be made from a list of materials from

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NASA's Thermal Blanket Lab, which will

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assemble the ZGI from the

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winner's instruction and renderings.

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The 25 finalists won 12

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$25 or an Artemis Prize pack, depending on

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their age. In total,

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$23,275

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in prizes were awarded the tradition of

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flying 00G indicators began

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when former Soviet Union with the

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world's first human space flight in

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1961. Since then, many of Yuri

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Gagarin's fellow cosmonauts have flown toys

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and stuffed dolls as Talisman and

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zgi, often at the suggestion of their

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children. The ZGI custom migrated to the

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United States with the first flights of

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NASA's Commercial Crew Program.

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NASA's uncrewed Artemis 1 mission,

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which flew around the moon in 2022, carried

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a custom made Snoopy doll complete with a

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miniature version of the same pressure suit

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that the Artemis 2 astronauts will wear on

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Orion. The full list of 25 finalists on

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the in the Moon mascot Anasa

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Artemis 2 ZGI Design Challenge It's a bit of

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a mouthful. They can be

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found@collectspace.com for your

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reading pleas

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Foreign

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thank you for joining us for this Monday

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edition of Astronomy Daily, where we offer

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just a few stories from the now famous

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Astronomy Daily newsletter, which you can

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receive in your email every day just like

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Hallie and I do. And to do that, just visit

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our uh, URL astronomydaily IO

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and place your email address in the slot

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provided. Just like that, you'll be receiving

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all the latest news about science, space,

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science and astronomy from around the world

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as it's happening. And not only that, you can

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interact with us by visiting

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or at our new Facebook page, which is of

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course Astronomy Daily on Facebook. See you

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there. Astronomy Daily

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with Steve and Hallie Space,

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Space Science and Astronomy Foreign.

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Hallie: M

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commonly known as 3D printing of engine

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components was limited by the lack of

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affordable metal alloys that could withstand

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the extreme temperatures of space flight.

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Expensive metal alloys were the only option

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for 3D printing engine parts until NASA's

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Glenn Research center in Cleveland, Ohio

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developed the GRX810 alloy.

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The primary metals in the GRX810

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alloy include nickel, cobalt and

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chromium. A ceramic oxide

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coating on the powdered metal particles

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increases its heat resistance and improves

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performance. Known as oxide

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dispersion strengthened alloys, these powders

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were challenging to manufacture at a

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reasonable cost when the project started

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started. However, the advanced

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dispersion coating technique developed at

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Glenn employs resonant acoustic mixing.

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Rapid vibration is applied to a container

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filled with the metal powder and nano oxide

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particles. The vibration evenly

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coats each metal particle with the oxide,

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making them inseparable. Even if a

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manufactured part is ground down to powder

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and reused, the next component will have the

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qualities of ODs. The

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benefits over common alloys are significant.

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GRX10 could last up to a year at

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2000 degrees Fahrenheit under stress loads

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that would crack any other affordable alloy

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within hours. Additionally,

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3D printing parts using

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GRX810 enables more complex

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shapes compared to metal parts manufactured

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with traditional methods.

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Elementum3D, an Erie,

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Colorado based company, produces

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GRX 810 for customers in

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quantities ranging from small batches to over

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a ton. The company has a co

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exclusive license for the NASA patented alloy

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and manufacturing process and continues to

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work with the agency under a Space act

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agreement to improve the material.

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A material under stress or a heavy load at

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high temperature can start to deform and

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stretch almost like taffy, said Jeremy

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Eitan, chief Technical Officer with Elementum

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3D. Initial tests done on

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the large scale production of our GRX810

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alloy showed a lifespan that's twice as long

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as the small batch material initially

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produced, and those were already fantastic.

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Commercial space and other industries,

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including aviation, are testing

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GRX810 for additional applications.

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For example, one Elementum 3D customer,

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VectoFlow, is testing a

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GRX810 flow sensor.

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Flow sensors monitor the speed of gases

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flowing through a turbine, helping engineers

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optimize engine performance.

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However, these sensors can burn out in

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minutes due to extreme temperatures.

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Using GRX810 flow sensors

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could improve airplane fuel efficiency,

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reduce emissions and hardware replacements.

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Working hand in hand with industry, NASA is

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driving technology developments that are

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mutually beneficial to the agency and

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America's space economy.

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You're listening to Astronomy Daily, the

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podcast with Steve Dunkley.

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Steve Dunkley: Blue Origin is gearing up for the second ever

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launch of its powerful New Glenn rocket,

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which will loft NASA's Escapade

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mission to make Mars. The company says it's

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been working closely with NASA on

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preparations leading up to the new Glenn's

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next launch, dubbed NG2, and is

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targeting no earlier than September 29th.

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The Twin Escapade AH stands for

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Escape and Plasma Acceleration and

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Dynamics Explorers probes have been

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awaiting their turn aboard New Glenn, which

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is originally slated to carry the satellites

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on its maiden launch in January. However,

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NASA opted not to risk a costly mission

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delay due to the debut liftoff

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of the new rocket. Now that the mission has

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been assigned a net date, Blue Origin

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posted on social media to expect some

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exciting things buzzing around New Glenn's

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pad at Space Launch Complex 36, located

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at Cape Canaveral Space Force Base in

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Florida. The Glenn lifted

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off for the first time in the beginning of

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2025. Blue Origin successfully

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launched a test version of its Blue Ring

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Satell to Earth uh orbit, but

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failed in the attempt to land New Glenn's

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first stage at sea. In addition to launching

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its NASA payload into an interplanetary

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trajectory, Blue Origin will once again try

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to land and Recover New Glenn's

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188.5 foot

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tall first

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stage booster on a drone ship in the

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Atlantic. Escapade will be New Glenn's first

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interplanetary mission, an ambitious

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undertaking for the relatively new launch

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vehicle. The twin orbiters will

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study the magnetosphere around the red planet

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as well as analyze the processes that control

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the interaction of energetic solar wind

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particles and the martian atmosphere. The

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twin NASA satellites were built by California

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based rocket Lab. Once in space, their

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operation will be handed over, uh, to the

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University of California's Space Science

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Laboratory tasked with managing the

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$80 million mission for the agency.

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New Glenn will also carry a secondary

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payload as part of the NG2 launch, a

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technology demonstration from satellite

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communications company ViaSat, which will be

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flown as well in support of NASA's

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Communications Services Project, which

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partners with the commercial sector, uh, to

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advance developments concerning in space

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networking for near Earth uh, satellites.

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Hallie: You're listening to Astronomy Daily, the

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podcast with your host, Steve Dudley.

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Steve Dunkley: Well, how about that, Hallie?

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Hallie: That was a good one.

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Steve Dunkley: Yes, just a sample from the Astronomy.

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Hallie: Daily newsletter available every day in your

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email inbox.

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Steve Dunkley: Yeah, sounds good to me. I get it. You get

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it?

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Hallie: We should all get it and know everything,

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just like me.

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Steve Dunkley: Oh, really, Hallie? You know, it's okay,

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Hallie. I get it.

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Hallie: You sure do. Favorite human.

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Steve Dunkley: Okay, Hallie. And on that note, from

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all of us here at the Australia Studio down

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under, we will see you all again next week.

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Hallie: Don't forget, my amazing cousin Anna will be

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presenting Astronomy Daily all through the

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week. So you won't miss a thing.

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Steve Dunkley: Oh, that's for sure. Thanks again, Hallie.

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Catch you later, sky watchers.

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Hallie: Bye.

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Steve Dunkley: The podcast with your host,

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Steve Dunkley.

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Now, come on, Hallie. You don't really know

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everything, do you?

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Hallie: I don't know for sure.

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Steve Dunkley: I knew it.

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Hallie: Really?

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Steve Dunkley: Oh, uh, m. Maybe.