WEBVTT 0 00:00:00.400 --> 00:00:03.280 Avery: Hello, space enthusiasts, and welcome back to 1 00:00:03.280 --> 00:00:05.360 Astronomy Daily. I'm Avery. 2 00:00:05.360 --> 00:00:07.720 Anna: And I'm Anna. We've got a packed show for you 3 00:00:07.720 --> 00:00:10.160 today, from lunch delays and spacecraft 4 00:00:10.160 --> 00:00:12.880 rescues to the brightest cosmic flash ever 5 00:00:12.880 --> 00:00:15.800 seen. And we'll finish by traveling back in 6 00:00:15.800 --> 00:00:17.360 time to the birth of Jupiter. 7 00:00:17.600 --> 00:00:20.400 Avery: It's a huge lineup. Let's get right into it, 8 00:00:20.400 --> 00:00:22.480 starting with the latest from SpaceX. 9 00:00:22.560 --> 00:00:24.800 Anna: That's right, it's been a classic hurry up 10 00:00:24.800 --> 00:00:27.720 and wait situation for SpaceX as they've had 11 00:00:27.720 --> 00:00:29.920 to postpone the 10th test flight of their 12 00:00:29.920 --> 00:00:32.300 massive Starship rocket again. 13 00:00:32.460 --> 00:00:35.220 Avery: Indeed. They first tried to launch from their 14 00:00:35.220 --> 00:00:37.900 Starbase site in South Texas on Sunday, 15 00:00:38.220 --> 00:00:40.700 but a ground systems issue got in the way. 16 00:00:40.780 --> 00:00:43.380 Then they tried again on Monday, but this 17 00:00:43.380 --> 00:00:45.900 time it was Mother Nature who said, not 18 00:00:45.900 --> 00:00:46.220 today. 19 00:00:46.380 --> 00:00:49.180 Anna: And it was a very specific kind of not 20 00:00:49.180 --> 00:00:52.060 today. Anvil shaped clouds were the culprit. 21 00:00:52.140 --> 00:00:54.900 Those pose a serious lightning risk and 22 00:00:54.900 --> 00:00:57.140 you do not want a lightning strike near a 23 00:00:57.140 --> 00:00:58.220 fully fueled rocket. 24 00:00:58.550 --> 00:01:01.510 Avery: SpaceX CEO Elon Musk, who was on site, 25 00:01:01.830 --> 00:01:03.910 confirmed the scrub on social media. 26 00:01:04.070 --> 00:01:06.510 Anna: The team is now looking for the next best 27 00:01:06.510 --> 00:01:08.550 launch opportunity. A, uh, SpaceX 28 00:01:08.550 --> 00:01:10.590 spokesperson mentioned that since they didn't 29 00:01:10.590 --> 00:01:13.190 fire the water deluge system, reloading 30 00:01:13.190 --> 00:01:15.030 propellant should be a relatively quick 31 00:01:15.030 --> 00:01:17.590 process. So hopefully we'll see flight 10 32 00:01:17.590 --> 00:01:18.790 take the sky soon. 33 00:01:18.790 --> 00:01:21.070 Avery: And what a sight it'll be. For anyone new to 34 00:01:21.070 --> 00:01:23.990 the program, Starship is the biggest and most 35 00:01:23.990 --> 00:01:25.830 powerful rocket ever built. 36 00:01:26.150 --> 00:01:29.030 SpaceX's grand vision is to use it to help 37 00:01:29.030 --> 00:01:31.250 humanity settle the the moon and 38 00:01:31.490 --> 00:01:32.050 Mars. 39 00:01:32.210 --> 00:01:34.730 Anna: It's an incredible piece of engineering. The 40 00:01:34.730 --> 00:01:37.210 vehicle consists of two fully reusable 41 00:01:37.210 --> 00:01:39.930 stainless steel stages, a massive booster 42 00:01:39.930 --> 00:01:42.290 called Super Heavy, and the upper stage, 43 00:01:42.290 --> 00:01:45.210 which is also called Starship. The goal is 44 00:01:45.210 --> 00:01:47.130 rapid reusability, but getting. 45 00:01:47.130 --> 00:01:49.610 Avery: There has been a real process of trial and 46 00:01:49.610 --> 00:01:52.530 error. Starship has flown nine times so far, 47 00:01:52.770 --> 00:01:55.570 with the first flight back in April of 2023. 48 00:01:55.980 --> 00:01:58.300 The last three flights this year have all, 49 00:01:58.300 --> 00:02:00.700 been, well, learning experiences. 50 00:02:00.780 --> 00:02:03.220 Anna: That's a polite way of putting it. On Flight 51 00:02:03.220 --> 00:02:06.140 7 and 8, the upper stage exploded less than 52 00:02:06.140 --> 00:02:08.700 10 minutes after launch. And on Flight 9, it 53 00:02:08.700 --> 00:02:11.220 lost attitude control during re entry and 54 00:02:11.220 --> 00:02:13.900 broke apart in the atmosphere. We even saw 55 00:02:13.900 --> 00:02:16.380 reports of debris spotted over the Bahamas. 56 00:02:16.540 --> 00:02:18.500 Avery: It's all part of the rapid iterative 57 00:02:18.500 --> 00:02:21.380 development process, I suppose. SpaceX 58 00:02:21.380 --> 00:02:24.220 traced the Flight 7 anomaly to a 59 00:02:24.220 --> 00:02:26.580 harmonic response that caused propellant 60 00:02:26.580 --> 00:02:29.480 leaks and fires. They've since made hardware 61 00:02:29.480 --> 00:02:31.520 changes and adjustments to prevent it from 62 00:02:31.520 --> 00:02:32.280 happening again. 63 00:02:32.520 --> 00:02:34.960 Anna: So the plan for Flight 10 whenever it 64 00:02:34.960 --> 00:02:37.600 launches, is ambitious. The super heavy 65 00:02:37.600 --> 00:02:39.960 boosters will perform some experiments before 66 00:02:40.040 --> 00:02:42.640 Attempting a controlled splashdown in the 67 00:02:42.640 --> 00:02:45.560 Gulf of Mexico, The Starship Upper Stage will 68 00:02:45.560 --> 00:02:47.840 aim to deploy eight dummy Starlink 69 00:02:47.840 --> 00:02:50.480 satellites, relight an engine in space, and 70 00:02:50.480 --> 00:02:52.920 then come down in the Indian Ocean about 71 00:02:52.920 --> 00:02:54.600 66 minutes after launch. 72 00:02:55.080 --> 00:02:57.440 Avery: It's a huge step and it's clear they're 73 00:02:57.440 --> 00:02:59.760 looking to pick up the pace. Despite the 74 00:02:59.760 --> 00:03:02.160 setbacks, SpaceX has requested approval for 75 00:03:02.160 --> 00:03:04.880 an incredible 25 Starship 76 00:03:04.880 --> 00:03:07.640 launches from Starbase in 2025. 77 00:03:08.200 --> 00:03:10.440 They are not slowing down, Definitely not. 78 00:03:10.520 --> 00:03:12.600 Anna: We'll be watching closely and will bring you 79 00:03:12.600 --> 00:03:14.840 updates as uh, soon as Flight 10 gets off the 80 00:03:14.840 --> 00:03:15.080 ground. 81 00:03:15.560 --> 00:03:17.960 Now, from a mission waiting to start, let's 82 00:03:17.960 --> 00:03:20.680 turn to one that just survived a major scare 83 00:03:21.180 --> 00:03:23.580 millions of kilometers from home. This is a 84 00:03:23.580 --> 00:03:25.820 fantastic story of teamwork from the European 85 00:03:25.820 --> 00:03:28.380 Space Agency. Their Jupiter Icy Moons 86 00:03:28.380 --> 00:03:30.900 Explorer, or juice, is currently on its way 87 00:03:30.900 --> 00:03:33.780 to Venus for a gravity assist flyby. But for 88 00:03:33.780 --> 00:03:36.220 a little while, the team on the ground had no 89 00:03:36.220 --> 00:03:37.500 idea if it was okay. 90 00:03:37.660 --> 00:03:40.220 Avery: Talk about a nerve wracking situation. On 91 00:03:40.220 --> 00:03:42.780 July 16, during a routine check in, 92 00:03:43.020 --> 00:03:45.940 JUICE just fell silent. The 93 00:03:45.940 --> 00:03:48.060 Deep Space Antenna in Spain couldn't 94 00:03:48.060 --> 00:03:50.580 establish contact. No signal, no 95 00:03:50.580 --> 00:03:53.460 telemetry about its health or stat, nothing. 96 00:03:53.620 --> 00:03:55.700 Anna: The control team at ESOC in Germany 97 00:03:55.700 --> 00:03:57.940 immediately began troubleshooting. The 98 00:03:57.940 --> 00:03:59.940 biggest fear was that JUICE had entered 99 00:03:59.940 --> 00:04:02.940 survival mode, a last resort state triggered 100 00:04:02.940 --> 00:04:05.700 by multiple system failures. But they weren't 101 00:04:05.700 --> 00:04:07.780 detecting the intermittent signal you'd 102 00:04:07.780 --> 00:04:08.900 expect in that scenario. 103 00:04:09.220 --> 00:04:11.980 Avery: So with no data coming in, they had to start 104 00:04:11.980 --> 00:04:14.860 making some educated guesses. The 105 00:04:14.860 --> 00:04:16.660 team suspected an issue with the 106 00:04:16.660 --> 00:04:19.560 communication subsystem. They faced a tough 107 00:04:20.360 --> 00:04:22.680 wait, 14 days for an automatic 108 00:04:22.680 --> 00:04:25.320 spacecraft reset or send 109 00:04:25.320 --> 00:04:28.280 commands blind into space and hope 110 00:04:28.280 --> 00:04:29.560 the spacecraft heard them. 111 00:04:30.040 --> 00:04:32.280 Anna: Waiting wasn't really an option, as uh, 112 00:04:32.320 --> 00:04:34.960 spacecraft Operations Manager Angela 113 00:04:34.960 --> 00:04:37.240 Dietz explained, that would have delayed 114 00:04:37.240 --> 00:04:39.880 crucial preparations for the Venus flyby. 115 00:04:40.200 --> 00:04:42.920 So they went with the blind commanding 116 00:04:42.920 --> 00:04:43.480 option. 117 00:04:44.140 --> 00:04:46.850 Avery: Um, and that is not easy. Juice was 118 00:04:46.850 --> 00:04:49.810 200 million kilometers away on 119 00:04:49.810 --> 00:04:52.490 the other side of the sun. Each command 120 00:04:52.490 --> 00:04:54.970 took 11 minutes to get there, and then they 121 00:04:54.970 --> 00:04:57.370 had to wait another 11 minutes to see if it 122 00:04:57.370 --> 00:05:00.169 worked. After nearly 20 hours of 123 00:05:00.169 --> 00:05:02.690 troubleshooting, a command finally got 124 00:05:02.690 --> 00:05:03.010 through. 125 00:05:03.490 --> 00:05:06.170 Anna: The successful command manually activated the 126 00:05:06.170 --> 00:05:08.970 signal amplifier, which boosts the strength 127 00:05:08.970 --> 00:05:11.850 of the signal Juice sends to Earth. Suddenly, 128 00:05:11.850 --> 00:05:14.170 they had contact again, and the spacecraft 129 00:05:14.170 --> 00:05:16.850 was in perfect health. It turns out the 130 00:05:16.850 --> 00:05:19.610 culprit was a very subtle software bug, 131 00:05:20.090 --> 00:05:21.170 A, uh, timing. 132 00:05:21.170 --> 00:05:24.050 Avery: Bug of all things. The software 133 00:05:24.050 --> 00:05:26.410 function that controls the amplifier uses an 134 00:05:26.410 --> 00:05:29.370 internal timer that resets every 16 135 00:05:29.530 --> 00:05:32.130 months. It just so happened that the function 136 00:05:32.130 --> 00:05:34.690 was running at the exact moment the timer 137 00:05:34.690 --> 00:05:37.650 restarted, which left the Amplifier switched 138 00:05:37.650 --> 00:05:39.540 off. What are the odds? 139 00:05:40.180 --> 00:05:43.100 Anna: Incredibly small. But as we know, in 140 00:05:43.100 --> 00:05:45.380 space, you have to plan for everything. 141 00:05:46.020 --> 00:05:48.300 The team has already identified ways to 142 00:05:48.300 --> 00:05:50.700 prevent this from happening again. It's a 143 00:05:50.700 --> 00:05:53.660 textbook example of calm, methodical problem 144 00:05:53.660 --> 00:05:56.020 solving under extreme pressure. 145 00:05:56.580 --> 00:05:59.500 Avery: Absolutely. A huge congratulations to 146 00:05:59.500 --> 00:06:02.460 the ESA mission operations team. With 147 00:06:02.460 --> 00:06:04.980 that drama behind them, JUICE is now back on 148 00:06:04.980 --> 00:06:07.340 track for its Venus flyby at the end of 149 00:06:07.340 --> 00:06:07.780 August. 150 00:06:08.540 --> 00:06:11.420 From a close call to a cosmic bullseye, 151 00:06:11.420 --> 00:06:14.060 our next story is about a truly record 152 00:06:14.060 --> 00:06:17.020 breaking discovery. This one is genuinely 153 00:06:17.020 --> 00:06:19.980 exciting. Astronomers have just detected the 154 00:06:19.980 --> 00:06:22.940 brightest fast radio burst ever recorded. 155 00:06:23.180 --> 00:06:25.580 It's so powerful, they've nicknamed it 156 00:06:25.660 --> 00:06:28.580 RB Float, which stands for radio 157 00:06:28.580 --> 00:06:30.540 brightest flash of all time. 158 00:06:31.100 --> 00:06:34.020 Anna: A very fitting name. The burst, officially 159 00:06:34.020 --> 00:06:36.892 cataloged as FRB2025 160 00:06:37.308 --> 00:06:40.240 0316A, was spotted spotted 161 00:06:40.240 --> 00:06:42.320 back in March by the CHIME telescope in 162 00:06:42.320 --> 00:06:44.680 British Columbia. CHIME has found 163 00:06:44.920 --> 00:06:47.280 thousands of these fast radio bursts, or 164 00:06:47.280 --> 00:06:49.480 FRBs, but this one is special. 165 00:06:50.200 --> 00:06:52.360 Avery: It's not just about the brightness. Right. 166 00:06:52.440 --> 00:06:54.520 It's about where they found it. 167 00:06:54.920 --> 00:06:57.720 Usually tracing an FRB is like trying to 168 00:06:57.720 --> 00:07:00.520 find which tree a firefly is in from a 169 00:07:00.520 --> 00:07:02.960 mile away. But this time they 170 00:07:02.960 --> 00:07:05.640 pinpointed its origin to a region just 171 00:07:05.720 --> 00:07:07.240 45 light years across. 172 00:07:08.280 --> 00:07:11.080 Anna: Exactly that incredible precision is 173 00:07:11.080 --> 00:07:13.160 thanks to a new upgrade to the CHIME system. 174 00:07:13.480 --> 00:07:15.880 They've added three smaller outrigger 175 00:07:15.880 --> 00:07:18.360 stations across North America, which 176 00:07:18.520 --> 00:07:20.720 effectively turns them into a single 177 00:07:20.720 --> 00:07:23.520 continent wide telescope. This allows them to 178 00:07:23.520 --> 00:07:26.320 trace these millisecond long flashes back to 179 00:07:26.320 --> 00:07:29.240 their home galaxies with stunning accuracy. 180 00:07:29.800 --> 00:07:32.680 Avery: And the home galaxy in this case NGC 181 00:07:32.760 --> 00:07:35.640 4141, is practically in 182 00:07:35.640 --> 00:07:38.280 our backyard. Cosmically speaking, it's about 183 00:07:38.280 --> 00:07:41.000 130 million light years away, which is 184 00:07:41.000 --> 00:07:43.960 incredibly close for an frb. Most of 185 00:07:43.960 --> 00:07:46.240 them come from billions of light years away. 186 00:07:46.720 --> 00:07:49.200 Anna: That proximity, combined with its brightness 187 00:07:49.520 --> 00:07:51.960 gives scientists a, uh, unique chance to 188 00:07:51.960 --> 00:07:54.440 study the source in detail. The team found 189 00:07:54.440 --> 00:07:56.720 the burst originated near the edge of a star 190 00:07:56.720 --> 00:07:59.440 forming region in the galaxy. This hints that 191 00:07:59.440 --> 00:08:02.320 the source could be a magnetar, an ultra 192 00:08:02.320 --> 00:08:05.160 magnetized neutron star that's perhaps 193 00:08:05.160 --> 00:08:07.680 a bit older than the very youngest stars at 194 00:08:07.680 --> 00:08:08.840 the galaxy's core. 195 00:08:09.320 --> 00:08:11.760 Avery: And the story gets even better. Because they 196 00:08:11.760 --> 00:08:14.160 located it so quickly, they were able to 197 00:08:14.160 --> 00:08:16.400 point the James Webb Telescope at the 198 00:08:16.400 --> 00:08:19.280 location. Webb's infrared cameras spotted 199 00:08:19.280 --> 00:08:22.080 a faint point of light nearby, which they've 200 00:08:22.080 --> 00:08:23.640 dubbed Nir1. 201 00:08:24.280 --> 00:08:26.800 Anna: The nature of Nir1 is still a 202 00:08:26.800 --> 00:08:29.720 mystery. It could be a red giant star or 203 00:08:29.720 --> 00:08:32.300 maybe a massive star in its midlife. It 204 00:08:32.529 --> 00:08:34.449 Neither of these are typically associated 205 00:08:34.449 --> 00:08:36.929 with FRBs, which has led to a 206 00:08:36.929 --> 00:08:38.969 fascinating theory. Perhaps 207 00:08:38.969 --> 00:08:41.969 NIR1 is part of a binary system 208 00:08:42.129 --> 00:08:44.689 with its gravitational partner being the 209 00:08:44.689 --> 00:08:47.569 compact objects like a neutron star that 210 00:08:47.569 --> 00:08:48.688 produce the burst. 211 00:08:48.769 --> 00:08:51.609 Avery: It's a fantastic cosmic puzzle. Another idea 212 00:08:51.609 --> 00:08:54.169 is that NIR1 isn't a star at all, but the 213 00:08:54.169 --> 00:08:55.889 fading afterglow of the burst itself, 214 00:08:56.369 --> 00:08:58.449 whatever it is. As Ito Berger from the 215 00:08:58.449 --> 00:09:00.369 Harvard Smithsonian center for Astrophysics 216 00:09:00.369 --> 00:09:02.540 said the this could be the first step on a 217 00:09:02.540 --> 00:09:04.500 new path to solving the FRB mystery. 218 00:09:04.500 --> 00:09:07.300 Anna: It also adds to the debate over whether FRBs 219 00:09:07.300 --> 00:09:10.260 are one time events or repeaters. So 220 00:09:10.260 --> 00:09:12.940 far, RB float seems to be a one 221 00:09:12.940 --> 00:09:15.820 off. Being able to study the environment of 222 00:09:15.820 --> 00:09:18.780 a non repeating FRB this closely is a huge 223 00:09:18.780 --> 00:09:21.420 deal. And it shows just how diverse their 224 00:09:21.420 --> 00:09:22.420 origins might be. 225 00:09:22.500 --> 00:09:25.180 Avery: Absolutely. It's a perfect illustration of 226 00:09:25.180 --> 00:09:26.540 how collaboration between different 227 00:09:26.540 --> 00:09:28.820 observatories can unlock new discoveries. 228 00:09:29.900 --> 00:09:31.740 Now for our final story, we're coming a bit 229 00:09:31.740 --> 00:09:34.420 closer to home to look at ancient raindrops 230 00:09:34.420 --> 00:09:36.220 from the formation of our own solar system. 231 00:09:37.260 --> 00:09:40.060 Anna: That's right. Avery researchers 232 00:09:40.060 --> 00:09:42.900 have for the first time managed to determine 233 00:09:42.900 --> 00:09:45.740 the date and origin of tiny ancient 234 00:09:45.820 --> 00:09:48.100 molten droplets that came from the 235 00:09:48.100 --> 00:09:50.900 neighborhood of a young Jupiter. These 236 00:09:50.900 --> 00:09:53.740 droplets were found inside meteorites here 237 00:09:53.740 --> 00:09:54.300 on Earth. 238 00:09:55.590 --> 00:09:57.910 Avery: Molten rock raindrops from Jupiter? 239 00:09:58.550 --> 00:10:00.870 That sounds incredible. How does that even 240 00:10:00.870 --> 00:10:01.190 happen? 241 00:10:02.150 --> 00:10:04.870 Anna: Well, about 4.5 billion years 242 00:10:04.870 --> 00:10:07.390 ago, as Jupiter was forming, its 243 00:10:07.390 --> 00:10:10.390 immense gravitational pull started flinging 244 00:10:10.390 --> 00:10:12.950 nearby small rocky and icy 245 00:10:12.950 --> 00:10:15.870 bodies called planetesimals into 246 00:10:15.870 --> 00:10:18.630 each other at incredibly high speeds. 247 00:10:19.510 --> 00:10:21.310 Avery: So these were seriously high energy 248 00:10:21.310 --> 00:10:23.730 collisions. What happened to the rock? 249 00:10:24.690 --> 00:10:27.570 Anna: The impacts were so forceful that the rock 250 00:10:27.570 --> 00:10:30.450 and dust on these planetesimals melted 251 00:10:30.450 --> 00:10:33.090 instantly, creating tiny molten 252 00:10:33.090 --> 00:10:35.410 rock droplets known as chondrules. 253 00:10:35.890 --> 00:10:38.770 These spheres, only about a millimeter wide, 254 00:10:39.090 --> 00:10:41.810 eventually got incorporated into asteroids, 255 00:10:41.970 --> 00:10:43.890 some of which later fell to Earth as 256 00:10:43.890 --> 00:10:44.690 meteorites. 257 00:10:45.650 --> 00:10:47.730 Avery: So scientists have had these chondrules for a 258 00:10:47.730 --> 00:10:50.210 while, but they weren't sure exactly how they 259 00:10:50.210 --> 00:10:52.050 formed. What's the new theory? 260 00:10:52.930 --> 00:10:55.730 Anna: A team from Nagoya University in Japan 261 00:10:55.810 --> 00:10:58.690 and the INAF Turin Astrophysical 262 00:10:58.690 --> 00:11:01.410 Observatory in Italy developed a new 263 00:11:01.410 --> 00:11:04.290 model. They realized that when these water 264 00:11:04.290 --> 00:11:07.290 rich planetesimals collided, the water would 265 00:11:07.290 --> 00:11:09.570 have instantly vaporized into steam. 266 00:11:10.050 --> 00:11:12.850 This expanding steam acted like a series 267 00:11:12.850 --> 00:11:15.850 of tiny explosions, breaking apart the 268 00:11:15.850 --> 00:11:18.610 molten rock into the exact kind of droplets 269 00:11:18.610 --> 00:11:20.130 we see in meteorites. 270 00:11:21.240 --> 00:11:23.640 Avery: That makes so much sense. So they tested this 271 00:11:23.640 --> 00:11:24.760 with a computer simulation. 272 00:11:25.560 --> 00:11:28.200 Anna: They did. They programmed a simulation of 273 00:11:28.200 --> 00:11:30.960 Jupiter's formation, tracking how its gravity 274 00:11:30.960 --> 00:11:33.800 would cause these collisions. Co lead 275 00:11:33.800 --> 00:11:36.720 author Dr. Diego Turini said the 276 00:11:36.720 --> 00:11:39.560 model spontaneously generated realistic 277 00:11:39.560 --> 00:11:42.440 looking chondrules. And importantly, it 278 00:11:42.440 --> 00:11:44.560 showed that the peak of this chondrule 279 00:11:44.560 --> 00:11:47.040 production happened right as Jupiter was 280 00:11:47.040 --> 00:11:49.880 accumulating gas to become the giant it is 281 00:11:49.880 --> 00:11:50.200 today. 282 00:11:51.180 --> 00:11:52.980 Avery: And, um, the evidence from actual meteorites 283 00:11:52.980 --> 00:11:54.940 backs this up perfectly. 284 00:11:55.180 --> 00:11:58.140 Anna: The meteorite data shows that peak chondrul 285 00:11:58.140 --> 00:12:01.100 Production occurred about 1.8 million years 286 00:12:01.340 --> 00:12:03.860 after the solar system began, which is 287 00:12:03.860 --> 00:12:06.459 exactly when they believed Jupiter was going 288 00:12:06.459 --> 00:12:08.220 through its main growth spurt. 289 00:12:09.100 --> 00:12:11.740 Avery: Wow. So these tiny droplets are like 290 00:12:11.740 --> 00:12:13.900 fossilized evidence of Jupiter's birth. 291 00:12:14.300 --> 00:12:17.140 That's amazing. Does this solve all the 292 00:12:17.140 --> 00:12:17.660 mysteries? 293 00:12:18.930 --> 00:12:21.410 Anna: Not quite. The model doesn't fully 294 00:12:21.410 --> 00:12:23.930 explain why we find chondrules of different 295 00:12:23.930 --> 00:12:26.850 ages in meteorites. The researchers suggest 296 00:12:26.930 --> 00:12:29.530 that the formation of other gas giants like 297 00:12:29.530 --> 00:12:32.090 Saturn could have triggered similar events 298 00:12:32.090 --> 00:12:34.610 later on, creating more chondrules. 299 00:12:35.330 --> 00:12:38.010 Avery: It's a fantastic piece of detective work. It 300 00:12:38.010 --> 00:12:40.130 m gives us a clearer picture of how our solar 301 00:12:40.130 --> 00:12:42.210 system formed and provides insights that 302 00:12:42.210 --> 00:12:45.040 could apply to other systems as well. A huge 303 00:12:45.040 --> 00:12:47.760 story contained in a tiny, ancient raindrop. 304 00:12:48.240 --> 00:12:49.760 And that's all the time we have for this 305 00:12:49.760 --> 00:12:52.360 episode of Astronomy Daily. From cosmic 306 00:12:52.360 --> 00:12:54.560 flashes to planetary raindrops, it's been 307 00:12:54.560 --> 00:12:56.160 another incredible week in space. 308 00:12:56.640 --> 00:12:59.400 Anna: It certainly has. Thank you so much for 309 00:12:59.400 --> 00:13:02.080 joining us. If you enjoyed the show, please 310 00:13:02.080 --> 00:13:04.600 subscribe wherever you get your podcasts, and 311 00:13:04.600 --> 00:13:06.680 you can follow us on social media for daily 312 00:13:06.680 --> 00:13:07.120 updates. 313 00:13:07.360 --> 00:13:09.680 Avery: Until next time, keep looking up. 314 00:13:10.140 --> 00:13:10.860 Anna: Goodbye, everyone.