WEBVTT 0 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.920 Avery: Welcome to Astronomy Daily, the podcast that 1 00:00:02.920 --> 00:00:05.280 brings you the universe. One story at a time. 2 00:00:05.360 --> 00:00:06.320 I'm Avery. 3 00:00:06.320 --> 00:00:09.320 Anna: And I'm Anna. Today we'll be covering some 4 00:00:09.320 --> 00:00:11.920 unfortunate news for South Korea's burgeoning 5 00:00:11.920 --> 00:00:14.760 space industry. A look back billions of 6 00:00:14.760 --> 00:00:17.360 years to when Earth had a 19 hour day. 7 00:00:17.760 --> 00:00:20.160 A very busy launch schedule to close out 8 00:00:20.160 --> 00:00:22.840 2025, and some serious safety 9 00:00:22.840 --> 00:00:25.640 concerns over Boeing's Starliner. And we'll 10 00:00:25.640 --> 00:00:27.480 cap things off with a major leadership 11 00:00:27.480 --> 00:00:29.520 shakeup at United Launch Alliance. 12 00:00:30.210 --> 00:00:31.250 Avery: A lot to get through. 13 00:00:31.490 --> 00:00:33.290 Let's start with that launch anomaly in 14 00:00:33.290 --> 00:00:35.810 Brazil. What happened with the Hanbit Nano 15 00:00:35.810 --> 00:00:36.290 rocket? 16 00:00:36.370 --> 00:00:38.410 Anna: It's a tough break for the South Korean 17 00:00:38.410 --> 00:00:41.050 company Innospace. Their first commercial 18 00:00:41.050 --> 00:00:43.250 orbital rocket, the Hanbit Nano, 19 00:00:43.410 --> 00:00:46.250 unfortunately crashed just 30 seconds after 20 00:00:46.250 --> 00:00:48.650 liftoff from the Alcantara Space center in 21 00:00:48.650 --> 00:00:49.090 Brazil. 22 00:00:49.330 --> 00:00:52.250 Avery: Only 30 seconds. Wow. Do we 23 00:00:52.250 --> 00:00:52.930 know the cause? 24 00:00:53.170 --> 00:00:56.010 Anna: The company cited a vehicle abnormality, 25 00:00:56.010 --> 00:00:58.330 but they haven't released specific details 26 00:00:58.330 --> 00:01:00.490 yet. The important thing is that no one was 27 00:01:00.490 --> 00:01:02.630 hurt and there was no damage to the launch 28 00:01:02.630 --> 00:01:03.150 facility. 29 00:01:03.470 --> 00:01:05.670 Avery: That's certainly the silver lining. This was 30 00:01:05.670 --> 00:01:07.830 a significant launch for them, wasn't it? It 31 00:01:07.830 --> 00:01:09.310 had been delayed a few times already. 32 00:01:09.790 --> 00:01:12.790 Anna: Exactly. It was carrying five satellites, 33 00:01:12.790 --> 00:01:15.200 so this was a major milestone attempt. A, 34 00:01:15.150 --> 00:01:17.389 successful first commercial launch would have 35 00:01:17.389 --> 00:01:19.670 been a huge step for South Korea's private 36 00:01:19.670 --> 00:01:21.990 space sector. Setbacks are part of the 37 00:01:21.990 --> 00:01:24.270 process, but this one definitely stings for 38 00:01:24.270 --> 00:01:25.070 Innospace. 39 00:01:25.390 --> 00:01:27.750 Avery: Right. Failure is always an option in 40 00:01:27.750 --> 00:01:30.750 rocketry, especially on a debut flight. We'll 41 00:01:30.750 --> 00:01:32.430 be watching to see how they bounce back. 42 00:01:32.670 --> 00:01:35.470 Anna: Absolutely. And it highlights the immense 43 00:01:35.470 --> 00:01:37.630 challenge for smaller private companies 44 00:01:37.950 --> 00:01:39.830 trying to break into the orbital launch 45 00:01:39.830 --> 00:01:41.990 market. It's not just about building a 46 00:01:41.990 --> 00:01:43.950 rocket. It's about securing funding, 47 00:01:44.190 --> 00:01:46.750 navigating international regulations, and 48 00:01:46.750 --> 00:01:49.510 building a track record. The barrier to entry 49 00:01:49.510 --> 00:01:51.230 is still incredibly high. 50 00:01:51.630 --> 00:01:53.830 Avery: That's a great point. While companies like 51 00:01:53.830 --> 00:01:56.810 SpaceX make it look almost routine, now each 52 00:01:56.810 --> 00:01:59.010 successful launch is built on a mountain of 53 00:01:59.010 --> 00:02:01.370 data from both successes and failures. 54 00:02:01.770 --> 00:02:04.010 Hopefully Innospace can analyze what went 55 00:02:04.010 --> 00:02:06.270 wrong and come back stronger. A, competitive 56 00:02:06.270 --> 00:02:07.870 launch market is good for everyone. 57 00:02:08.270 --> 00:02:09.070 Anna: Definitely. 58 00:02:09.550 --> 00:02:12.269 Now let's switch gears and go way, way 59 00:02:12.269 --> 00:02:14.990 back in time. Billions of years, in fact. 60 00:02:15.390 --> 00:02:17.630 Avery, did you know there was a period when 61 00:02:17.630 --> 00:02:20.440 Earth's day was stuck at, just 19 hours 62 00:02:20.440 --> 00:02:20.800 long? 63 00:02:21.360 --> 00:02:23.600 Avery: Stuck. I know the day has been getting 64 00:02:23.600 --> 00:02:25.800 gradually longer as the moon moves away from 65 00:02:25.800 --> 00:02:28.110 us, but I've never heard of it, stopping. 66 00:02:28.430 --> 00:02:30.830 Anna: That's what's so fascinating. New research 67 00:02:30.910 --> 00:02:33.390 indicates that for about a billion years, 68 00:02:33.550 --> 00:02:35.990 from roughly 2 billion years to 1 billion 69 00:02:35.990 --> 00:02:38.950 years ago, the day length just flatlined 70 00:02:38.950 --> 00:02:40.750 at 19 hours, a. 71 00:02:40.750 --> 00:02:43.630 Avery: Billion years is not a short time. What could 72 00:02:43.630 --> 00:02:46.270 cause our planet's rotation to just pause its 73 00:02:46.270 --> 00:02:47.310 slowdown like that? 74 00:02:47.550 --> 00:02:50.510 Anna: It's a really cool celestial balancing act. 75 00:02:50.670 --> 00:02:53.230 We know the Moon's gravity creates ocean 76 00:02:53.230 --> 00:02:55.270 tides that act like a brake on Earth's 77 00:02:55.270 --> 00:02:56.910 rotation, so slowing it down. 78 00:02:57.230 --> 00:02:58.590 Avery: Right, the lunar tides. 79 00:02:58.830 --> 00:03:01.670 Anna: But the sun also creates tides, not just in 80 00:03:01.670 --> 00:03:04.430 the ocean, but in the atmosphere. The sun 81 00:03:04.430 --> 00:03:06.830 heats the atmosphere, causing it to bulge. 82 00:03:07.070 --> 00:03:09.990 This atmospheric tide, influenced by Earth's 83 00:03:09.990 --> 00:03:12.750 rotation, actually pulls on the planet, 84 00:03:12.750 --> 00:03:13.950 trying to speed it up. 85 00:03:14.430 --> 00:03:16.550 Avery: So you have the Moon's gravity slowing us 86 00:03:16.550 --> 00:03:19.430 down and the Sun's atmospheric heat speeding 87 00:03:19.430 --> 00:03:19.870 us up. 88 00:03:20.270 --> 00:03:23.150 Anna: Precisely. And during this specific billion 89 00:03:23.150 --> 00:03:25.590 year period, the theory is that the two 90 00:03:25.590 --> 00:03:28.530 forces reached a perfect equilibri. The 91 00:03:28.530 --> 00:03:30.850 atmospheric day was in resonance with the 92 00:03:30.850 --> 00:03:33.410 rotational day. The slowing effect from the 93 00:03:33.410 --> 00:03:36.250 lunar ocean tides was perfectly balanced by 94 00:03:36.250 --> 00:03:38.650 the speeding effect of the solar atmospheric 95 00:03:38.650 --> 00:03:39.050 tides. 96 00:03:39.370 --> 00:03:41.890 Avery: A, tidal resonance. That's incredible. 97 00:03:42.370 --> 00:03:44.890 So the Earth was in a state of cosmic tug of 98 00:03:44.890 --> 00:03:47.770 war, and for a billion years it was a perfect 99 00:03:47.770 --> 00:03:48.210 draw. 100 00:03:48.530 --> 00:03:51.450 Anna: Exactly. Eventually, other factors broke the 101 00:03:51.450 --> 00:03:53.770 resonance, and the Moon's influence won out 102 00:03:53.770 --> 00:03:56.730 again, Continuing the slow lengthening of our 103 00:03:56.730 --> 00:03:59.640 day to the 24 hours we have now. It makes 104 00:03:59.870 --> 00:04:01.830 you think about all the delicate balances 105 00:04:01.830 --> 00:04:03.390 that have shaped our planet's history. 106 00:04:03.790 --> 00:04:06.430 Avery: Absolutely. Imagine what life might have been 107 00:04:06.430 --> 00:04:08.790 like with five extra hours of darkness each 108 00:04:08.790 --> 00:04:09.070 day. 109 00:04:09.310 --> 00:04:11.390 Anna: That's the big question researchers are 110 00:04:11.390 --> 00:04:14.190 exploring now. A consistent 19 hour 111 00:04:14.190 --> 00:04:16.590 day night cycle could have provided a stable 112 00:04:16.590 --> 00:04:18.630 environment for early photosynthetic 113 00:04:18.630 --> 00:04:21.230 organisms like cyanobacteria to thrive. 114 00:04:21.710 --> 00:04:23.910 Some theories suggest this long period of 115 00:04:23.910 --> 00:04:26.070 stability might have been a crucial factor in 116 00:04:26.070 --> 00:04:28.590 the Great Oxidation Event, where oxygen 117 00:04:28.590 --> 00:04:30.510 levels in the atmosphere began to rise, 118 00:04:30.590 --> 00:04:32.730 paving the way for more complex life. 119 00:04:32.810 --> 00:04:34.570 Avery: Well, coming back to the present, things 120 00:04:34.570 --> 00:04:37.010 aren't anything but slow. The last full week 121 00:04:37.010 --> 00:04:39.770 of 2025 is shaping up to be incredibly 122 00:04:39.770 --> 00:04:40.970 busy for space launches. 123 00:04:41.130 --> 00:04:43.130 Anna: It seems like everyone is trying to get their 124 00:04:43.130 --> 00:04:45.130 last missions of the year off the ground. 125 00:04:45.370 --> 00:04:46.490 What's on the manifest? 126 00:04:46.570 --> 00:04:48.370 Avery: Well, we already discussed Innispace's 127 00:04:48.370 --> 00:04:51.250 attempt in China. CASC is expected to 128 00:04:51.250 --> 00:04:53.970 debut its brand new reusable Chang Zhang 129 00:04:53.970 --> 00:04:56.890 12, a rocket that's a huge development for 130 00:04:56.890 --> 00:04:58.410 their Reusable Launch Vehicle program. 131 00:04:58.800 --> 00:05:01.680 Anna: Mm. A direct competitor to SpaceX's Falcon 132 00:05:01.680 --> 00:05:02.000 9. 133 00:05:02.320 --> 00:05:05.240 Avery: Indeed. Then over in India, ISRO's 134 00:05:05.240 --> 00:05:07.440 launching a Bluebird Block 2 satellite. 135 00:05:07.600 --> 00:05:10.360 Russia has not one, but two Soyuz missions 136 00:05:10.360 --> 00:05:12.200 planned from different cosmodromes. 137 00:05:12.200 --> 00:05:14.160 Anna: A busy week for Roscosmos. 138 00:05:14.160 --> 00:05:16.400 Avery: And of course, you can't have a busy launch 139 00:05:16.400 --> 00:05:18.520 week without SpaceX they're scheduled for 140 00:05:18.520 --> 00:05:20.640 their final Falcon 9 mission of the year, 141 00:05:20.640 --> 00:05:23.240 launching the CSG3 satellite. For the 142 00:05:23.240 --> 00:05:26.020 Italian Space Agency. It's a real flurry of 143 00:05:26.020 --> 00:05:27.100 activity to end the year. 144 00:05:27.260 --> 00:05:29.740 Anna: It really shows how global the space industry 145 00:05:29.740 --> 00:05:32.620 has become. Launches from China, India, 146 00:05:32.860 --> 00:05:35.740 Russia and the US all within days 147 00:05:35.740 --> 00:05:38.180 of each other. It's an exciting time to be 148 00:05:38.180 --> 00:05:40.380 following spaceflight, that's for sure. 149 00:05:40.860 --> 00:05:42.940 It's worth noting the diversity of these 150 00:05:42.940 --> 00:05:45.340 missions too. The Chinese launch is a 151 00:05:45.340 --> 00:05:48.100 technology demonstrator for reusability. The 152 00:05:48.100 --> 00:05:50.650 Indian mission is for Earth observation. The, 153 00:05:50.720 --> 00:05:52.400 the Russian launches are likely for 154 00:05:52.400 --> 00:05:54.840 government and commercial payloads. And the 155 00:05:54.840 --> 00:05:57.360 SpaceX mission is for an Italian radar 156 00:05:57.360 --> 00:06:00.160 reconnaissance satellite. It's a snapshot of 157 00:06:00.160 --> 00:06:02.560 the entire space ecosystem in action. 158 00:06:02.880 --> 00:06:05.040 Avery: And the logistical coordination is mind 159 00:06:05.040 --> 00:06:07.800 boggling. You have range safety, air and sea 160 00:06:07.800 --> 00:06:09.760 traffic control, satellite tracking and 161 00:06:09.760 --> 00:06:12.320 telemetry all happening concurrently across 162 00:06:12.320 --> 00:06:15.220 the globe. A, fittingly chaotic end to a 163 00:06:15.220 --> 00:06:16.500 very busy year in space. 164 00:06:16.970 --> 00:06:19.330 Anna: Speaking of US spaceflight, let's turn to our 165 00:06:19.330 --> 00:06:21.530 next story on today's rundown, which is a bit 166 00:06:21.530 --> 00:06:24.370 more sobering. It's about Boeing's Starliner 167 00:06:24.370 --> 00:06:26.250 and the fallout from its first crewed test 168 00:06:26.250 --> 00:06:26.650 flight. 169 00:06:26.730 --> 00:06:29.490 Avery: Yeah, that mission was eventful to say the 170 00:06:29.490 --> 00:06:30.490 least. What's the latest? 171 00:06:30.730 --> 00:06:33.610 Anna: Well, NASA's Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel 172 00:06:33.610 --> 00:06:35.530 has come out with a pretty strong statement. 173 00:06:35.930 --> 00:06:37.810 They've said that NASA should have taken the 174 00:06:37.810 --> 00:06:40.290 problems with Starliner far more seriously as 175 00:06:40.290 --> 00:06:41.130 they were happening. 176 00:06:41.290 --> 00:06:43.370 Avery: Let's recap what those problems were. There 177 00:06:43.370 --> 00:06:45.650 were multiple helium leaks and failures with 178 00:06:45.650 --> 00:06:47.130 the maneuvering thrusters, right? 179 00:06:47.210 --> 00:06:49.750 Anna: That's right. Separate thruster failures 180 00:06:49.750 --> 00:06:52.070 during docking and multiple helium leaks that 181 00:06:52.070 --> 00:06:54.190 were discovered both before and during the 182 00:06:54.190 --> 00:06:56.710 mission. The panel's main point of contention 183 00:06:56.710 --> 00:06:59.430 is that NASA never officially declared an in 184 00:06:59.430 --> 00:07:02.270 flight mishap or a high visibility close 185 00:07:02.270 --> 00:07:02.630 call. 186 00:07:02.870 --> 00:07:05.630 Avery: And not making that declaration has 187 00:07:05.630 --> 00:07:06.390 consequences. 188 00:07:06.790 --> 00:07:09.630 Anna: It does. According to the panel, this failure 189 00:07:09.630 --> 00:07:11.790 to officially recognize the severity of the 190 00:07:11.790 --> 00:07:14.270 issues led to an extended period of 191 00:07:14.270 --> 00:07:16.630 uncertainty. It put a lot of stress on the 192 00:07:16.630 --> 00:07:18.670 workforce at NASA and Boeing who were trying 193 00:07:18.670 --> 00:07:20.540 to troubleshoot these serious problems 194 00:07:21.090 --> 00:07:23.130 without the formal structure and resources 195 00:07:23.130 --> 00:07:24.930 that come with a mishap declaration. 196 00:07:25.250 --> 00:07:27.290 Avery: So they were essentially trying to manage a 197 00:07:27.290 --> 00:07:29.450 crisis without being allowed to call it a 198 00:07:29.450 --> 00:07:31.810 crisis. That sounds incredibly difficult. 199 00:07:31.970 --> 00:07:34.570 Anna: Extremely. And the end result speaks for 200 00:07:34.570 --> 00:07:37.370 itself. The two astronauts, Butch Wilmore and 201 00:07:37.370 --> 00:07:39.450 Suni Williams, ended up staying on the 202 00:07:39.450 --> 00:07:41.730 International Space Station for nine months 203 00:07:41.970 --> 00:07:43.770 while engineers tried to figure out if 204 00:07:43.770 --> 00:07:45.730 Starliner was safe to bring them home. 205 00:07:45.890 --> 00:07:48.760 Avery: And in the, end, it wasn't. They came home on 206 00:07:48.760 --> 00:07:50.230 a SpaceX Dragon capsule. 207 00:07:50.700 --> 00:07:53.260 Anna: That's the Crucial point, the Starliner 208 00:07:53.260 --> 00:07:55.660 capsule had to return to Earth empty. 209 00:07:56.060 --> 00:07:58.380 Having your crew return on a competitor 210 00:07:58.460 --> 00:08:00.780 spacecraft because your own was deemed 211 00:08:00.780 --> 00:08:03.300 unsafe is a massive blow to the 212 00:08:03.300 --> 00:08:05.940 program's credibility. The safety panel is 213 00:08:05.940 --> 00:08:08.660 basically saying that if NASA had been more 214 00:08:08.660 --> 00:08:10.860 forthright about the problems from the start, 215 00:08:11.180 --> 00:08:13.780 a lot of this prolonged uncertainty and 216 00:08:13.780 --> 00:08:15.740 stress could have been handled better. 217 00:08:16.260 --> 00:08:18.620 Avery: It's a tough lesson in transparency and risk 218 00:08:18.620 --> 00:08:21.300 management. You never want to see a situation 219 00:08:21.300 --> 00:08:23.340 where you have to rely on your backup 220 00:08:23.340 --> 00:08:25.540 transportation system for a crewed mission. 221 00:08:25.860 --> 00:08:28.040 It really underscores the value of having, 222 00:08:27.990 --> 00:08:30.820 redundant, reliable systems like SpaceX's 223 00:08:30.820 --> 00:08:31.380 Dragon. 224 00:08:31.380 --> 00:08:34.220 Anna: It absolutely does. There's a lot for 225 00:08:34.220 --> 00:08:36.700 both NASA and Boeing to learn from this 226 00:08:36.700 --> 00:08:39.260 incident before they even consider putting 227 00:08:39.260 --> 00:08:41.140 another crew on Starliner. 228 00:08:41.549 --> 00:08:44.429 Avery: Absolutely. And the post flight investigation 229 00:08:44.429 --> 00:08:47.269 is digging into the root causes. The helium 230 00:08:47.269 --> 00:08:49.429 leaks, for instance, seem to be related to 231 00:08:49.429 --> 00:08:51.509 seals that become brittle at extreme 232 00:08:51.509 --> 00:08:54.269 temperatures. But the thruster issue is more 233 00:08:54.269 --> 00:08:56.829 complex. It's a propulsion system that has 234 00:08:56.829 --> 00:08:58.589 seen numerous issues throughout its 235 00:08:58.589 --> 00:09:00.989 development. And the failures during this 236 00:09:00.989 --> 00:09:03.069 critical mission pointed to a potential 237 00:09:03.069 --> 00:09:05.589 systemic design flaw in the reaction control 238 00:09:05.589 --> 00:09:05.949 system. 239 00:09:06.349 --> 00:09:09.229 Anna: A systemic flaw is the last thing you want to 240 00:09:09.229 --> 00:09:11.989 hear about on a crude vehicle. So what's the 241 00:09:11.989 --> 00:09:14.730 path forward for Boeing? Is the Starliner 242 00:09:14.730 --> 00:09:16.570 program salvageable at this point? 243 00:09:16.890 --> 00:09:19.330 Avery: It's a tough road ahead. They will likely 244 00:09:19.330 --> 00:09:21.650 need a complete redesign and recertification 245 00:09:21.650 --> 00:09:23.890 of the propulsion system, which could take 246 00:09:23.890 --> 00:09:26.850 years and billions more dollars. NASA 247 00:09:26.850 --> 00:09:29.130 is committed to having two independent crew 248 00:09:29.130 --> 00:09:31.570 transportation systems, so they won't give up 249 00:09:31.570 --> 00:09:34.410 on Boeing easily. But the pressure is immense 250 00:09:34.490 --> 00:09:37.210 and confidence both within NASA and 251 00:09:37.290 --> 00:09:39.610 publicly has been severely shaken. 252 00:09:40.240 --> 00:09:42.720 They have to prove beyond any doubt that 253 00:09:42.720 --> 00:09:45.520 Starliner is safe before anyone else straps 254 00:09:45.520 --> 00:09:46.400 in for a ride. 255 00:09:46.880 --> 00:09:49.720 Anna: And for our final story today, we've got 256 00:09:49.720 --> 00:09:52.200 some big news from one of the titans of the 257 00:09:52.200 --> 00:09:54.720 launch industry. Tory Bruno. The 258 00:09:54.720 --> 00:09:57.280 longtime president and CEO of United 259 00:09:57.440 --> 00:09:59.360 Launch alliance has resigned. 260 00:09:59.680 --> 00:10:02.520 Avery: That is big news. Bruno has been at the helm 261 00:10:02.520 --> 00:10:05.360 of ula for nearly 12 years. He 262 00:10:05.360 --> 00:10:07.440 really guided the company, a joint venture 263 00:10:07.440 --> 00:10:09.720 between Boeing and Lockheed Martin through 264 00:10:09.720 --> 00:10:12.280 one of its most challenging periods. Facing 265 00:10:12.280 --> 00:10:14.480 intense competition from newcomers like 266 00:10:14.480 --> 00:10:15.080 SpaceX. 267 00:10:15.400 --> 00:10:17.600 Anna: Absolutely. His legacy will 268 00:10:17.600 --> 00:10:20.360 undoubtedly be tied to the development of the 269 00:10:20.360 --> 00:10:23.240 new Vulcan Centaur rocket. That was a 270 00:10:23.240 --> 00:10:25.960 massive undertaking, designed not only to 271 00:10:25.960 --> 00:10:28.920 replace the legacy Atlas v and Delta 4 272 00:10:28.920 --> 00:10:31.520 rockets, but also to end ULA's 273 00:10:31.520 --> 00:10:34.160 reliance on the Russian RD180 274 00:10:34.160 --> 00:10:34.590 engines. 275 00:10:35.220 --> 00:10:37.820 Avery: And he was such a public facing CEO, wasn't 276 00:10:37.820 --> 00:10:40.420 he? He was famous for his engaging presence 277 00:10:40.420 --> 00:10:42.900 on social media, always willing to answer 278 00:10:42.900 --> 00:10:45.220 technical questions from space fans. He 279 00:10:45.220 --> 00:10:48.220 really modernized ula's public image. It 280 00:10:48.220 --> 00:10:50.180 truly feels like the end of an era for the 281 00:10:50.180 --> 00:10:52.260 company. Do we know who's taking over? 282 00:10:52.660 --> 00:10:55.540 Anna: For now, John Elban has been appointed as the 283 00:10:55.540 --> 00:10:58.060 interim CEO while they search for a permanent 284 00:10:58.060 --> 00:11:00.540 replacement. It will certainly be interesting 285 00:11:00.540 --> 00:11:03.220 to see the direction ULA takes in this new 286 00:11:03.220 --> 00:11:03.620 chapter. 287 00:11:04.240 --> 00:11:06.160 Avery: And that's all the time we have for today. 288 00:11:06.400 --> 00:11:08.960 From rocket failures and celestial mechanics 289 00:11:08.960 --> 00:11:11.120 to a packed launch schedule and critical 290 00:11:11.120 --> 00:11:13.640 safety reviews, it's been another busy day in 291 00:11:13.640 --> 00:11:15.440 the world of astronomy and spaceflight. 292 00:11:15.600 --> 00:11:17.840 Anna: Thanks for tuning in to Astronomy Daily. 293 00:11:17.920 --> 00:11:20.200 We'll be back tomorrow with more news from 294 00:11:20.200 --> 00:11:23.120 across the cosmos. Until then, I'm Anna. 295 00:11:23.280 --> 00:11:25.440 Avery: And I'm Avery. Keep looking up 296 00:11:27.920 --> 00:11:29.280 Astronomy Day 297 00:11:30.960 --> 00:11:32.160 stories be told. 298 00:11:33.900 --> 00:11:34.460 Anna: The world.